Letter: Reliability of transcutaneous PO2 with Roche Oxygen Monitor 5300 at 44 C in newborn infants with RDS

A microtiter cell-culture method was developed and used to titrate virus isolates for characterization. Virus dilutions and chicken kidney cell suspensions were dispensed into the wells of disposable microculture plates, with infectivity endpoints being determined microscopically on the fifth or sixth day, or by reading crystal-violet-stained monolayers on day 6. With this method, 37 candidate avian adenoviruses isolated from diagnostic accessions were characterized as avian adenoviruses (AAV). The criteria used for characterization were production of round-cell cytopathic effect, resistance to chloroform treatment, inhibition by 5-bromodeoxyuridine, and the presence of an antigen showing identity with a known AAV by precipitation in agar gel. Statistical anlaysis of eight replicate titrations of three AAV indicated that the titration method was highly reproducible. Use of the microculture method for titrations gave substantial savings in indicator cells, media, incubator space, culture dishes, and time.     

Anodic oxidation ofp-t-butyltoluene in sulphuric acid solution

The electrochemical oxidation ofp-t-butyltoluene has been investigated. From several anode materials studied, Pb-Sb alloys give the best yields ofp-t-butylbenzaldehyde at 60° C in 1 M H₂SO₄.     

Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

On the basis of own observations of courses the author adopts a definite attitude to the early symptomatology of the rheumatoid arthritis. During the first weeks of the rheumatoid arthritis the following symptoms are found: articular syndromes, more frequently in form of obstinate polyarthralgias, mono-oligoarthritis, accompanied by morning rigidity and accelerated BSR as well as impairment of the general condition. In the majority of the patients only the tentative diagnosis rheumatoid arthritis may be made. After a one to three months' course of the disease the diagnosis becomes more probable. It is above all based on constancy and symmetry, characteristic localisation of the articular process, morning rigidity, radiologically paraarticular loosening of the structure and morphological symptoms of an acute and subacute synovialitis. 6 to 12 months after the beginning of the disease a clinical picture forms which allows to make the diagnosis of a certain or classical rheumatoid arthritis in accordance with the criteria of the ARA. The occurrence of a high activity of multiple affection of the joints (permanent symmetrical polyarthritis including the small joints of the hands and feet), distinctive morning rigidity, high fever and much accelerated BSR, beginning with the first weeks of the disease, speaks for the possibility of the development of an arthrovisceral form of the course of rheumatoid arthritis.     

An implementation of no-slip boundary conditions in DPD

We report an implementation of the no-slip boundary condition in the modeling of solid boundaries by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. Stimulated by a model for several types of solid boundaries, we develop an implementation that satisfies no-slip boundary condition with practically no-density distortion near the boundaries. The model is implemented to simulate the planar Poiseuille and Couette flows, as well as the flow through a contraction and diffusion channel. Results compare excellently with the previous methods.     

Investigation of a metal-ionic conductor interface in thin film samples using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical measurements

The surface of an evaporated thin film of the ionic conductor β-PbF₂ was analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results were compared with those obtained from nuclear and secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements. An analysis of the Au-β-PbF₂ interface shows the presence of a thin layer of partly oxidized metallic lead. Part of this interfacial lead diffused across the gold film towards the external surface where it became bound to oxygen. An electrical analysis of the interface was performed by studying the capacitance as a function of the surface potential. The differences between experimental and calculated values are discussed in the light of the XPS measurements.     

Piezoresistive Cantilever Beam for Force Sensingin Two Dimensions

A novel two-dimensional piezoresistive nano-Newton resolution force sensing cantilever is presented. The silicon cantilever is fabricated using bulk micromachining. Two 500-nm-thick p-doped epitaxial silicon piezoresistive sensors are located on both sides of the cantilever. This structure detects both the lateral and vertical applied forces by electronic switching between two configurations of a Wheatstone bridge. A force sensitivity is measured up to 100 and 540 V/N for lateral and vertical configurations, respectively. The corresponding force resolution is estimated at 21 and 4 nN, respectively. This force-sensing cantilever can be used for measuring the contact force between manipulating tools and small objects in, e.g., living cell handling, minimally invasive surgery, and microassembly     

Development of Wall Climbing Robot System by Using Impeller Type Adhesion Mechanism

In this paper, we present a wall climbing robot system, called “LARVA”, developed for visual inspection of structures with flat surfaces. The robot has two differential driving wheels with a suspension and an adhesion mechanism. The adhesion mechanism is composed of an impeller and two–layered suction seals. It is designed to provide sufficient adhesion force and be controlled so that the robot can move freely on various wall surfaces. The static and aerodynamic modeling of the adhesion mechanism is given and the analysis of the adhesion mechanism, air leakage, and inner flow are carried out to be useful for the design as well as the control. Finally, the performances of the robot are experimentally verified on several kinds of walls and its feasibility is validated.     

Deflation-based power iteration clustering

Spectral clustering (SC) is currently one of the most popular clustering techniques because of its advantages over conventional approaches such as K-means and hierarchical clustering. However, SC requires the use of computing eigenvectors, making it time consuming. To overcome this limitation, Lin and Cohen proposed the power iteration clustering (PIC) technique (Lin and Cohen in Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 655–662, 2010), which is a simple and fast version of SC. Instead of finding the eigenvectors, PIC finds only one pseudo-eigenvector, which is a linear combination of the eigenvectors in linear time. However, in certain critical situations, using only one pseudo-eigenvector is not enough for clustering because of the inter-class collision problem. In this paper, we propose a novel method based on the deflation technique to compute multiple orthogonal pseudo-eigenvectors (orthogonality is used to avoid redundancy). Our method is more accurate than PIC but has the same computational complexity. Experiments on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the improvement of our approach.     

A Comprehensive Approach for Estimating Hydraulic Quantities in a Multi-branched Estuarine System

Despite many previous investigations, there is no theoretically justifiable equation to determine the freshwater discharge, tidal velocity, and salinity in a complex estuary that contains several branches. In this study, the longitudinal distributions of freshwater and salinity concentration in multi-branched estuaries are investigated using a mathematical model, considering the energy balance by frictional head loss and the salt balance by diffusion and advection in a one-dimensional steady-state condition. We attempt to obtain the time-mean freshwater discharge rate quantitatively at a junction where the main flow separates into two branches. The salinity distribution along each branch is calculated by following the dispersion coefficient equation previously proposed for a single estuary. The salinity field is divided into the near-coast region and the upstream region, because in each segment the inland velocity varies according to the tidal flux. For computing the tidal velocity, we propose the Burgers equation and the Hoph-Cole transformation. The theoretical results obtained by these equations were found to be in good agreement with a set of observed data in the Red River estuary system.