Calculation of the thermodynamic interaction parameter ρ C C,Ni , in the austenite of the Fe-C-Ni system

In the study, the interaction model has been considered, which assumes that the radius of interaction between carbon and nickel atoms in austenite corresponds to the nearest neighborhood of an octahedral interstice by lattice sites, and the interaction radius between two carbon atoms corresponds to two nearest coordination shells formed by octahedral interstices in the lattice. The three-particle potential of approach of C-Ni-C atoms is taken equal to zero. The pair potential of interaction between carbon atoms in austenite is taken to be equal to that obtained from the data of Mössbauer spectroscopy. In this model, the magnitude of the secondorder thermodynamic cross-interaction parameter ρ _C ^{C, Ni} in the austenite at a temperature of 1273 K has been calculated. The results of the calculation (ρ _C ^{C, Ni} = 11.4) satisfactorily agree with the experimental value (ρ _C ^{C, Ni} = 11.1).     

Multisensor approach to automated classification of sea ice image data

A multisensor data fusion algorithm based on a multilayer neural network is presented for sea ice classification in the winter period. The algorithm uses European Remote Sensing (ERS), RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and low-resolution television camera images and image texture features. Based on a set of in situ observations made at the Kara Sea, a neural network is trained, and its structure is optimized using a pruning method. The performance of the algorithm with different combinations of input features (sensors) is assessed and compared with the performance of a linear discriminant analysis (LDA)-based algorithm. We show that for both algorithms a substantial improvement can be gained by fusion of the three different types of data (91.2% for the neural network) as compared with single-source ERS (66.0%) and RADARSAT (70.7%) SAR image classification. Incorporation of texture increases classification accuracy. This positive effect of texture becomes weaker with increasing number of sensors (from 8.4 to 6.4 percent points for the use of two and three sensors, respectively). In view of the short training time and smaller number of adjustable parameters, this result suggests that semiparametric classification methods can be considered as a good alternative to the neural networks and traditional parametric statistical classifiers applied for the sea ice classification.     

Iron pyrophosphate matrix as a form for immobilization of cesium radionuclides

Several modifications of CsFeP₂O₇ were prepared by fine dispersion procedure: glass, glass ceramic, and finely crystalline composite. The cesium leach rates from these CsFe pyrophosphate forms at 90°C were determined. The pyrophosphate glass shows promise as a form for isolation of fission products in a deep underground repository.     

B and also T lymphocytes migrate via gut lymph to all lymphoid organs and the gut wall, but only IgA+ cells accumulate in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa

In pigs the lymphocytes emigrating from the intestinal wall were collected by cannulating the lymphatics, labeled in vitro using a fluorescent dye and retransfused. The injection of 6.6+/-4.2 x 10(8) cells resulted in a labeling index between 1.5% in intestinal lymph, 0.2% in the spleen and lymph nodes, approximately 0.1% in the intestinal lamina propria and 0.003% in intraepithelial lymphocytes. About 25 % of the injected cells were present in the blood and 1 % was recovered in the lymph. T cells were found in similar proportions in the injected and the recovered cells in the organs (70-80%). The proportion of IgA+ cells among the immigrated cells in the intestinal lamina propria ranged from 5 to 8%, which in absolute numbers was up to 60% of the injected IgA+ cells. T and IgM+ cells did not show a higher accumulation in any organ. These experiments in conventional, unrestrained animals revealed that (1) T cells immigrate into the intestinal lamina propria, (2) preferential migration of IgA+ cells from gut lymph to the intestinal lamina propria is obvious under in vivo conditions and (3) the immigrated IgA+ cells represent a very small population which is difficult to detect when analyzed in relative numbers.     

Clinical manifestations and treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with Flexner's dysentery

Flexner's dysentery is often accompanied with intestinal dysbacteriosis. Disbiotic changes in the intestine contribute to specific shigella endotoxins entering blood flow thus prolonging clinical symptoms of the underlying disease. Administration of bacterial biological preparations (bifidumbacterin forte, lactobacterin) relieves specific endotoxemia, reduces the duration of the disease and has an immunomodulating action.     

Radiation-induced transformations in Heusler alloys ion-irradiated to high doses

We have studied the structures and properties of Heusler alloys of the Cu-Mn-Al and Ni-Mn-Ga systems irradiated by 40-keV Ar⁺ ions. It is established that magnetic properties of ion-irradiated samples exhibit strong variation in a narrow range of target temperatures. This variation is accompanied by significant changes in the X-ray diffraction pattern. With allowance for the results of our previous investigations, it is suggested that (i) the observed changes in the diffraction patterns are caused by the formation of nanoclusters in the crystal lattice, the symmetry of which is different from that of the initial matrix structure, and (ii) the appearance of these clusters accounts for the observed change in the magnetic properties of Heusler alloys.