Translocated gastroduodenal anastomosis in surgical treatment of penetrating duodenal ulcer

The experience of treatment of 44 patients with traumatic and abdominal aorta and inferior cava vein is represented. All traumatic injuries of these vessels were accompanied by damages organs. Various kinds of vascular suture and angioplasty with synthetic prostheses were used. 17 operated patients died (38.6%). 19 patients were followed up for period from 1 to 8 years after surgery. Neither arterial nor venous blood flow disturbances were revealed.     

Insulin-induced expression of prostacyclin receptors on platelets is mediated through ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha protein

The binding of insulin in physiological amounts to human blood platelets, which increases adenylate cyclase-linked prostacyclin receptor numbers on the cell surface, was found to be directly related to the ADP-ribosylation of the Gi alpha. Conversely, resuspension of the insulin-treated platelets in the hormone-free medium decreased both the prostaglandin receptor numbers and ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha. Furthermore, incubation of platelets with pertussis toxin or its A-protomer, which ADP-ribosylates Gi alpha, also stimulated the binding of the prostanoid. These results suggest that the increase of prostacyclin receptor numbers in platelets is mediated through the ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha.     

Reversible dementia due to dural arteriovenous fistula: a simple surgical option

Dural AVMs can produce a wide variety of symptoms related to raised intracranial pressure, venous congestion, and cerebral ischaemia. We present a unique case of reversible dementia, due to venous hypertension. The cerebral ischaemia was caused by extensive bilateral arteriovenous malformations of the external carotid system, which drained into the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses and resulted in venous hypertension. Although partial occlusion by endovascular embolization and ligation procedures had some effect, only 'scalping and silastic implantation' gave satisfactory amelioration of symptoms.     

Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of the direct perforant path input to hippocampal area CA3

Monosynaptic perforant path responses evoked by subicular stimulation were recorded from CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. These monosynaptic responses were isolated by using low intensities of stimulation and by placing a cut through the mossy fibers. Perforant path-evoked responses consisted of both excitatory and inhibitory components. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were mediated by both alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acidreceptors (AMPAR) and N-methyl--aspartate receptors (NMDAR). Inhibitory postsynaptic currents consisted of gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA-) and -B (GABAB)-receptor-mediated components. At membrane potentials more positive than -60 mV and at physiological [Ca2+]/[Mg2+] ratios, >30% of perforant path evoked EPSC was mediated by NMDARs. This value varied as a function of the membrane voltage and external [Mg2+]. Two types of responses were observed after low-intensity stimulation of the perforant path. The first type of response showed paired-pulse facilitation and was reduced by 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (AP4). The second type of response showed paired-pulse depression and was reduced by baclofen. Electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of these two types of responses are similar to the properties of lateral and medial perforant path-evoked EPSPs in the dentate gyrus.     

Main principles and diagnostic criteria for revision of the european-american classification of lymphoid neoplasms (T-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease]

Diagnostic criteria of T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease are presented which are the basis of the European-American classification schema (REAL). Brief morphological, immunophenotypical, genetic and clinic characteristics of every tumor type (subtypes variants) are given. The comparison of this REAL section with the Kiel's classification is made with some critical notes concerning, in particular, the Hodgkin's disease classification.     

Sustained TCR signaling is required for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and degranulation by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Requirements for T cell activation are not fully established. One model is that receptor occupancy and down-regulation are essential for activation, and another, not necessarily mutually exclusive, model is that sustained signals are important. Here we examine the importance of signal duration in T cell activation. First, we demonstrate that immobilized, but not soluble cross-linked, Abs to CD3 stimulate degranulation by CTL. The cross-linked Abs are not deficient in their ability to signal since they stimulate the same tyrosine phosphorylation pattern as immobilized Ab, but it is very transient relative to that stimulated by immobilized Ab. Furthermore, novel decreased migratory forms of Lck occur to a significant extent only after stimulation with immobilized Abs. A dramatic difference in the duration of signals is very evident when mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity is examined. Immobilized anti-CD3 stimulates very high levels of MAPK activation that is still detectable 1 h after stimulation. In contrast, cross-linked Ab stimulates only transient and incomplete activation of MAPK. Taken together, these results suggest that TCR engagement and induction of tyrosine phosphorylation alone are not sufficient for T cell activation and that the duration of TCR-stimulated signals is critical to attain a functional response.