奥钢联宽板坯连铸的技术能力

从连铸开始以来,最大的可浇铸宽度稳定增加,其中几台连铸机现已成功浇铸了宽3～3.2m的板坯.2004年,奥钢联在中国南京钢铁有限公司调试了世界上最宽的板坯连铸机.这台中厚板坯连铸机将以2m/min的拉速生产3.25m宽的板坯.南钢的连铸机是在奥钢联许多宽度大于2m的传统连铸机和中厚板坯连铸机基础上获得成功的,其宽度和厚度之比使这一工艺得以"近终型"浇铸.本文讨论了奥钢联宽板坯连铸方面的能力和专长.宽板坯连铸设计的关键在于结晶器内的钢流情况、结晶器的设计、铸流导向段的支撑设计、二冷喷淋设计和连铸自动化.     

SOME EFFECTS OF THE USE OF GIBBERELLIC ACID IN MALTING

In a conventional two-steep process or in a rapid steeping procedure, gibberellic acid at a concentration of 0·5 p.p.m. effected increases in hot water extracts of the resultant malts when it was added in either of the two steeps. A much greater effect was obtained by the addition of the stimulant to the second steep than to the first, or by applying it as a spray after steeping. When it was employed in both steeps the effects produced were cumulative. No advantage accrued if the grain was aerated during steeping in gibberellic acid solution or soaked in hydrogen peroxide solution since higher hot water extracts and more rapid modification were not obtained, and malting losses, largely resulting from additional formation of rootlets, were increased.     

Statistical methods for the analysis of tumor multiplicity data

The fit of tumor multiplicity data from 93 mouse skin, lung, and liver carcinogenicity experiments to Poisson, negative binomial, and normal distributions was studied. The data were fitted well by the negative binomial distribution. This distribution has two parameters, the mean tumor multiplicity and an exponent determined by the interanimal homogeneity of tumor response. The value of the latter parameter was related to animal strain and the target tissue studied in the carcinogenicity experiments. The null distribution of the two-sample likelihood ratio test based on the negative binomial with common exponent model for tumor multiplicity data was shown by simulation studies to be approximately chi 2 with 1 d.f. Simulation also indicated that the likelihood ratio test has sufficiently better performance when the negative binomial model is valid to make its use more attractive than the more commonly used Wilcoxon test or Student t test. Charts for estimating the number of animals per group that are required to detect specified differences in tumor multiplicities are provided for several commonly used assays.