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101.
Effects of forage level and canola seed supplementation on site and extent of digestion of organic matter, carbohydrates, and energy by steers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of fat supplementation from canola seed (CS) on ruminal fermentation and postruminal digestion of OM, carbohydrates, and energy of diets containing different levels of forage. Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated beef steers (354 kg +/- 18) were given ad libitum access to six isonitrogenous diets that were offered twice daily in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial with two forage levels (70 vs 30% of dietary DM as corn silage) and three forms of CS supplementation including no CS or CS added at 10% of dietary DM as whole CS treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide or untreated crushed CS. Fat from CS provided 5% of dietary DM. The remaining dietary ingredients were corn, canola meal, molasses, and urea. No interactions (P > .05) between dietary forage level and CS supplementation were observed for ruminal characteristics or digestion of OM, carbohydrates, and energy in the rumen, postruminally, or in the total tract. Fat supplementation from CS did not affect (P > .05) DMI. With few exceptions, fat supplementation did not affect (P > .05) ruminal, postruminal, or total tract digestibilities of OM, structural and nonstructural carbohydrates, and GE. Ruminal disappearance of GE was decreased (P < .05) when diets were supplemented with fat from whole treated CS, and total tract digestibilities of OM and GE were decreased (P < .05) when diets were supplemented with fat from CS in either form. Ruminal pH, concentrations of NH3 N and total VFA, and molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate were not affected (P > .05) by fat supplementation. Results suggest that fat supplementation from CS (at 5% of dietary DM) as whole treated or untreated crushed had no negative effects on ruminal fermentation of OM, carbohydrates, or energy when steers were given ad libitum access to diets containing high or low forage. 相似文献
102.
RM Strand AO M?lster LB Engesaeter NR Gjerdet T Orner 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,117(1-2):35-38
Treatments of Chinese hamster V79 cells during one cell cycle with a new type of topoisomerase II inhibitor, ICRF-193, which does not accumulate cleavable topoisomerase-DNA complexes induced both chromosome- and chromatid-type aberrations with high frequencies. Furthermore, ICRF-193 synergistically enhanced the yield of UVB-induced chromatid-type aberrations, chromatid exchanges in particular. Treated with ICRF-193 for the last 3 h before harvest, cells showed frequent incidence of chromatid-type aberrations and synergistic enhancement of UVB-induced chromatid-type aberrations, chromatid exchanges in particular. These results suggest that spontaneous and UVB-induced lesions might be ultimately transformed into chromatid-type aberrations by topoisomerase II-dependent checkpoint process(es) in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. 相似文献
103.
Demodulation of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) using a limiter-discriminator is a low complexity alternative to coherent
demodulation. This so-called digital FM demodulation is followed by clock recovery, sampling, and thresholding. Conventionally,
clock recovery is done in hardware, and matched filtering is usually not possible when the Gaussian pulse is wider than a
bit duration. We propose a clock recovery technique based on discrete-time processing of the demodulated baseband signal.
This technique couples very nicely with a new maximum likelihood sequence estimator for the data that uses a whitening filter
followed by a Viterbi decoder. The entire detection algorithm can be implemented in an efficient manner on a Digital Signal
Processor (DSP). Computer simulation results are presented to show that the new algorithm performs better than the conventional
slicer by as much as 5.5 dB. 相似文献
104.
Zhirong Fu Srinivas Akula Anna-Karin Olsson Jukka Kervinen Lars Hellman 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(23)
Ticks, lice, flees, mosquitos, leeches and vampire bats need to prevent the host’s blood coagulation during their feeding process. This is primarily achieved by injecting potent anticoagulant proteins. Basophils frequently accumulate at the site of tick feeding. However, this occurs only after the second encounter with the parasite involving an adaptive immune response and IgE. To study the potential role of basophils and mast cells in the defense against ticks and other ectoparasites, we produced anticoagulant proteins from three blood-feeding animals; tick, mosquito, and leech. We tested these anticoagulant proteins for their sensitivity to inactivation by a panel of hematopoietic serine proteases. The majority of the connective tissue mast cell proteases tested, originating from humans, dogs, rats, hamsters, and opossums, efficiently cleaved these anticoagulant proteins. Interestingly, the mucosal mast cell proteases that contain closely similar cleavage specificity, had little effect on these anticoagulant proteins. Ticks have been shown to produce serpins, serine protease inhibitors, upon a blood meal that efficiently inhibit the human mast cell chymase and cathepsin G, indicating that ticks have developed a strategy to inactivate these proteases. We show here that one of these tick serpins (IRS-2) shows broad activity against the majority of the mast cell chymotryptic enzymes and the neutrophil proteases from human to opossum. However, it had no effect on the mast cell tryptases or the basophil specific protease mMCP-8. The production of anticoagulants, proteases and anti-proteases by the parasite and the host presents a fascinating example of an arms race between the blood-feeding animals and the mammalian immune system with an apparent and potent role of the connective tissue mast cell chymases in the host defense. 相似文献
105.
NR Cox SJ Ewald NE Morrison AS Gentry M Schuler HJ Baker 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,63(4):335-353
GM1 gangliosidosis is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by progressive neurological deterioration with premature death seen in children and numerous animals, including cats. We have observed that thymuses from affected cats greater than seven months of age (GM1 mutant cats) show marked thymic reduction compared to age-matched normal cats. The studies reported here were done to describe alterations in the thymus prior to (less then 90 days of age) and during the development of mild (90 to 210 days of age) to severe (greater than 210 days of age) progressive neurologic disease and to explore the pathogenesis of the thymic abnormality. Although histologic examination of the thymus from GM1 affected cats less than 210 days of age showed no significant differences from age-matched control cats, thymuses from GM1 mutant cats greater than 210 days of age were significantly reduced in size (approximately 3-fold). Histologic sections of lymph nodes, adrenal glands, and spleens from GM1 gangliosidosis-affected cats showed no significant differences. Flow cytometric analyses showed a marked decrease in the percentage of immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes (p < 0.001) and significantly increased CD4-CD8+ cells (p < 0.01) in GM1 mutant cats greater than 210 days of age when compared to normal age matched cats. Co-labelling with CD4, CD8, and CD5 indicated an increase in the percentage of GM1 mutant cat thymocytes at this age which were CD5high, suggesting the presence of more mature cells. Cytometric analyses of subpopulations of peripheral lymphocytes indicated an increase in CD4-CD8+ cells (p < 0.05) with concurrent decreases in CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8- cells (which were not significant). Similar analyses of thymocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations from cats < 210 days of age showed no significant differences between GM1 mutant and normal cells. GM1 mutant cats at all ages had increased surface binding of Cholera toxin B on thymocytes, indicating increased surface GM1 ganglioside expression. Increases were highly significant in GM1 mutant cats greater than 210 days of age. In situ labelling for apoptosis was increased in GM1 mutant cats between 90 to 200 days of age when thymic masses were within normal limits. In GM1 mutant cats over 200 days of age, decreased labelling was observed when thymic mass was reduced and the CD4+CD8+ subpopulation, known to be very susceptible to apoptosis, was significantly decreased. These data describe premature thymic involution in feline GM1 gangliosidosis and suggest that increased surface GM1 gangliosides alters thymocyte development in these cats. 相似文献
106.
Prithvi Sai Nadh Garikiparthy Seung Chul Lee Hongbin Liu Srinivas Sahan Kolluri Iman Janghorban Esfahani Chang Kyoo Yoo 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2016,33(1):14-24
We developed several control algorithms and compare their control performances for controlling the total phosphorous (TP) concentration in wastewater treatment plant, which has strong influent disturbances and the disturbance effects should be removed while maintaining better effluent quality. An anaerobic - anoxic - oxic (AAO) process, which is a well-known advanced nutrient removal process, was selected as a case study, which is modeled with activated sludge model no. 2. Six control strategies for TP control with a polymer addition were implemented in AAO process and evaluated by the plant’s performance, where the costs of the dosed chemical were compared among the six controllers. The experimental work showed that the advanced control techniques with feedback, feedforward and feedratio controllers were able to control the TP concentration in the effluent, which must be less than 1.50 g P/m3 which is the legal limitation, while reducing the necessary chemical cost. The results showed that the best TP removal performance in the effluent TP removal could be achieved by advanced feedback controller with the tuned control parameters, which showed the best effluent quality and control performance index as well as the cheapest cost of chemical dosage among the six TP control strategies. 相似文献
107.
Srinivas Iyer Peter Stark Jos Olivares 《Journal of The Association for Laboratory Automation》2003,8(4):41-45
An optical wave-guide based two-color capillary electrophoresis laser induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) instrument is described. The wave-guide based approach allows for on column excitation and detection with two-color discrimination. The instrument is designed to allow either electrokinetic or hydrodynamic injections. In its present configuration, the attainable limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) was 50 X 10−21 moles of fluorescein with a 488-nm excitation source. This study was designed to test the instrument design for applications in protein analyses. Fluorescent dyes with two different wavelengths were simultaneously separated and detected as were complexes formed by labeled antibodies to NFκB p65 and cdc2p34. Quantification of both proteins in THP-1 cell lysates performed using this approach illustrates a rapid screening application of this instrument. 相似文献
108.
Madhu K. Shankarapani Subbu Ramamoorthy Ram S. Movva Srinivas Mukkamala 《Journal in Computer Virology》2011,7(2):107-119
One of the major problems concerning information assurance is malicious code. To evade detection, malware has also been encrypted
or obfuscated to produce variants that continue to plague properly defended and patched networks with zero day exploits. With
malware and malware authors using obfuscation techniques to generate automated polymorphic and metamorphic versions, anti-virus
software must always keep up with their samples and create a signature that can recognize the new variants. Creating a signature
for each variant in a timely fashion is a problem that anti-virus companies face all the time. In this paper we present detection
algorithms that can help the anti-virus community to ensure a variant of a known malware can still be detected without the
need of creating a signature; a similarity analysis (based on specific quantitative measures) is performed to produce a matrix
of similarity scores that can be utilized to determine the likelihood that a piece of code under inspection contains a particular
malware. Two general malware detection methods presented in this paper are: Static Analyzer for Vicious Executables (SAVE)
and Malware Examiner using Disassembled Code (MEDiC). MEDiC uses assembly calls for analysis and SAVE uses API calls (Static
API call sequence and Static API call set) for analysis. We show where Assembly can be superior to API calls in that it allows
a more detailed comparison of executables. API calls, on the other hand, can be superior to Assembly for its speed and its
smaller signature. Our two proposed techniques are implemented in SAVE) and MEDiC. We present experimental results that indicate
that both of our proposed techniques can provide a better detection performance against obfuscated malware. We also found
a few false positives, such as those programs that use network functions (e.g. PuTTY) and encrypted programs (no API calls
or assembly functions are found in the source code) when the thresholds are set 50% similarity measure. However, these false
positives can be minimized, for example by changing the threshold value to 70% that determines whether a program falls in
the malicious category or not. 相似文献
109.
Ultrahigh strength steels have been used increasingly in recent years for critical aircraft and aerospace structural applications.
In such applications, though materials performance is of prime consideration, cost and availability makes the low-alloy steels
an attractive option. This paper describes the development of an ultrahigh strength NiSiCrCoMo low-alloy steel, supported
by significant findings obtained from the basic studies that were aimed at understanding how solute additions influence fracture
resistance of iron, with and without the presence of carbon. The results of the basic studies, in combination with the work
of Garrison (1986) on a NiSiCr steel, have profitably been employed in the development of a NiSiCrCoMo low-alloy steel possessing
a strength-toughness combination quite comparable to the highly alloyed 250-grade maraging steel. Reproducibility of attractive
strength and toughness properties has been established in tonnage scale melts. This steel, in the softened condition, has
good formability and machinability. Weld parameters have also been established. The NiSiCrCoMo low-alloy steel thus meets
the requirements of performance and cost rendering it an attractive option for advanced structural applications. 相似文献
110.
RP Millman CL Rosenberg CC Carlisle NR Kramer DM Kahn AE Bonitati 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,113(4):992-996
Twenty-four patients who failed uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had an adjustable oral (Herbst) appliance made to treat the persistent apnea. Six patients discontinued the device prior to sleep evaluation. Eighteen patients had polysomnographic evaluations at baseline, post-UPPP, and with the Herbst appliance in place. The apnea-hypopnea index baseline (AHI) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) nadir were 42.3+/-6.1 and 83.6+/-1.8%, respectively. There was no significant change in either parameter with surgery. With the oral appliance, the AHI fell to 15.3+/-4.4 (p < or = 0.01) and the SaO2 nadir increased to 87.9+/-1.2% (p < or = 0.05). Ten of the patients had control of the OSA with the Herbst appliance with a fall in the AHI to < 10. There were, in addition, two partial responders as defined by an AHI of <20 and a >50% fall in AHI compared with baseline and post-UPPP values. All but one of the responders and partial responders had complete resolution of subjective symptoms of daytime sleepiness with the appliance. An adjustable oral appliance appears to be an effective mode of therapy to control OSA after an unsuccessful UPPP. 相似文献