The effect of (2'-5') and (3'-5') phosphodiester linkages on conformational and stacking properties of cytidylyl-cytidine in aqueous solution

Conformational properties of (2'-5') and (3'-5') CpC have been determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 220 MHz. The ribose ring structures are predominantly 3E with the exception of the ring from the 2'-phosphate fragment of C(2'-5')pC which exhibits an 2E pucker. Bases are oriented anti with respect to the ribose and the conformations about C4'-C5', C5'-O5', C3'-O3' (C2'-O2') are gg, g'g', and g+ in equilibrium g-, respectively. The dimers exist as mixtures of stacked (g+g+ and g-g- about the P-O(C) bonds) and unstacked species at 20 degrees C. Stacking is estimated to be 35% in both dimers.     

Tactical and technical errors as the cause of development of external intestinal fistulas

An analysis of causes of the development of external enteric fistulas in 71 patients, who to the moment of surgery showed no purulent-inflammatory processes in the abdomen, has demonstrated that in most patients (40 persons) the fistula development can be related with technical errors (an injury, deserosing, suturing of the intestine) during an operation. It is believed that for prophylaxis of enteric fistulas a special care should be given by a surgeon to mobilization of the intestine from adhesions, strict observation of technical recommendations and tactical purposes pertaining to treatment of acute intestinal obstruction, strangulated hernias, etc.     

Anorectic activity of prostaglandin precursors

1 Intraperitoneal and intragastric (i.g.) administration of prostaglandin precursors arachidonic (2 mg, 15 mg/kg, i.p; 30 mg/kg i.g.), linolenic (100 mg/kg i.p.; 200 mg/kg, i.g.) and linoleic (15, 100 mg/kg, i.p.; 100 mg/kg, i.g.) acids to 22 h food-deprived rats inhibits food intake. 2 This anorexia is similar to that induced by prostaglandin F2alpha (1 mg/kg, i.p.). 3 At anorectic doses these fatty acids do not cause pyrexia, in fact arachidonic acid causes hypothermia. 4 Prior treatment with indomethacin (15 mg/kg) and paracetamol (50 mg/kg) specifically reverses the anorexia and the behavioural satiety induced by the three fatty acids, while not affecting prostaglandin F2alpha-induced suppression of food intake. 5 Results of the present experiments suggest that both physiological and pharmacological modification of appetite could be brought about through an effect on prostaglandin generating systems.     

Cytodiagnosis of primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra--a case report

Clinical course of multiple myeloma in patients under 40 years of age was analysed. In all cases diagnosis was established in III stage of the disease according to Durie and Salmon. In 4 cases good response to treatment (partial remission or stabilisation of proliferative process) was achieved. Survival time of 2 dead patients was 5 and 74 months, and that of 3 still alive patients is 41, 53, and 59 months and tends to be longer than median survival time of general population of patients with multiple myeloma.     

Muscular reflex and baroreflex influences on heart rate during isometric contractions

Isometric hindlimb contractions were induced in anaesthetised dogs by stimulation of appropriate spinal ventral roots. During such contractions there were appreciable reflex systemic pressor responses accompanied by small increases in heart rate. The heart rate responses during contractions were small because the primary cardioacceleratory reflexes from muscle were partly masked during contractions by opposing baroreceptor-cardiodepressor reflexes.     

Suicide during 1961-70 migrants in Australia

Rates and methods of suicide during 1961-70 migrants in Australia were compared with native born Australians. Large differences in both rates and methods of suicide were found in individual migrant groups. The rates were more akin to those in the country of origin than of the Australian-born, no matter how long the migrants had lived in Australia. By contrast, methods of suicide use by migrants approached more closely those of the Australian-born the longer they had lived in Australia. The change in methods used was greater in those migrant groups coming from countries with a language and culture more akin to those in Australia. A discussion follows of various possible sociological and cultural factors, both within the countries of origin and within Australia, which could have contributed to these results.