The significance of traumatic intraventricular haemorrhage in severe head injury

Since the advent of computed tomography (CT) traumatic intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) has been diagnosed more often. It has reportedly been associated with a poor prognosis, but pure or solitary IVH is rare, suggesting that other lesions occurring concurrently with it may contribute to the poor outcome. In a series of 65 patients with severe head injury (GCS < or = 8), 14 (22%) had IVH on initial CT. Death rate in these 14 was 21%, not significantly different from that in patients without IVH (14%), although a significantly higher proportion of patients without IVH had a good outcome. These results suggest that mortality is related to other lesions associated with IVH rather than to IVH alone and that the presence of IVH does not necessarily lead to a poor outcome.     

Interactions of stimulus attributes, base rates, and feedback in recognition.

Continuous old-new recognition was studied in relation to 3 factors that have been relatively neglected in previous research-stimulus attributes, old-new base rates, and informative feedback following responses. Under all conditions, both hits and false alarms increased over trials and all measures of recognition depended strongly on stimulus properties, notably interitem similarity. In contrast to expectations based on earlier results, both hit and false-alarm levels proved independent of old-new base rate when tests were given without feedback; with feedback added, false-alarm rates tended to approach true old-stimulus base rates with some types of stimuli, though not with words. The findings are compatible, in general, with current composite-memory models and were predicted in detail by an array-similarity model deriving from categorization theory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Management of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal stenosis in children

Nasopharyngeal stenosis and oropharyngeal stenosis are rare and challenging problems in the pediatric population. The most common etiology is currently the surgical trauma associated with adenotonsillectomy. Stenosis can vary from a thin band to a complete obstructing cicatrix. Presenting symptoms range from mild hyponasal speech to severe airway obstruction. We present a series of eight children with varying degrees of stenosis and associated symptoms. Choice of treatment varied with the severity of disease. In our series, successful interventions included triamcinolone acetonide injection, lysis of adhesions, rotational and advancement mucosal flaps, and jejunal free flap. Preoperative evaluation and individualized surgical repair are essential for successful treatment.     

Investigation of perceived environment, perceived outcome, and person variables in relationship to voluntary development activity by employees.

Examined perceived environment, perceived incentive and outcome, and person constructs for relationships with interest and participation in voluntary learning and development activity by nonmanagement employees. All 3 groups of constructs were related to development activity. In relationships with development activity, perceived outcome and environment variables interacted with workers' personal values relevant to aspects of a development setting, illustrating the potentially important role that differences in values may play in a development context. Additionally, small relationships were observed between several demographic variables and values within a development setting. Results provide implications for the design and implementation of successful development programs and highlight the need to carefully consider individual differences in this context when targeting many different types of employees for participation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The case of Gary: In search of post-hoc quixotic flexibility.

Responds to M. F. Hoyt's (see record 1995-22250-001) commentary on T. F. Van Denburg and E. J. Van Denburg's (see record 1994-18427-001) response to Hoyt's (see record 1994-18395-001) commentary on Van Denburg and Van Denburg's (see record 1993-06526-001) article about a case of premature therapy termination. Issues related to limits and flexibility in treatment are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Daily Diary Validity Test of Drinking to Cope Measures.

Data from 2 daily diary studies of stress, negative affect, and drinking were used to examine the correspondence between global self-reports of drinking to cope (DTC) and within-person stress/negative affect-drinking associations. In Study 1, 83 community-residing drinkers recorded data in nightly booklets on negative events, perceived stress, negative affect, and drinking for 60 consecutive days. In Study 2, 88 community-residing drinkers recorded data on negative events and negative interpersonal exchanges nightly and negative affect and drinking in near-real time on palmtop computers for 30 consecutive days. Both studies showed only modest correspondence between self-reported DTC and between-person differences in within-day, daily, and weekly associations between stress/negative affect and drinking. The findings indicate that individuals who report higher DTC simply may drink across a wider variety of conditions than those who report relatively lower DTC. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)