Animal psychology in America as revealed in APA presidential addresses.

The year 1992 marks the centennial of the founding of the American Psychological Association (APA). Through the years, psychologists who were interested in animal behavior processes have actively participated in this organization, and many have been elected president of APA. This article considers some aspects of theory and research in animal psychology during this 100-yr period by examining a selected set of APA presidential addresses. Attention is given to the presidents' evaluations of the state of animal psychology at the time of their presidency and their assessments of its future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Differences in color naming and color salience in Vietnamese and English

The accepted model of color naming postulates that 11 “basic” color terms representing 11 common perceptual experiences show increased processing salience due to a theorized linkage between perception, visual neurophysiology, and cognition. We tested this theory, originally proposed by Berlin and Kay in 1969. Experiment 1 tested salience by comparing unconstrained color naming across two languages, English and Vietnamese. Results were compared with previous research by Berlin and Kay, Boynton and Olson, and colleagues. Experiment 2 validated our stimuli by comparing OSA, Munsell, and newly rendered “basic” exemplars using colorimetry and behavioral measures. Our results show that the relationship between the visual and verbal domains is more complex than current theory acknowledges. An interpoint distance model of color‐naming behavior is proposed as an alternative perspective on color‐naming universality and color‐category structure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 113–138, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10131     

Mismatches in Social Support and Psychosocial Adjustment to Breast Cancer.

Emotional support is known to provide psychosocial benefits for women with breast cancer, but women can experience a mismatch between support that is wanted and support that is received from their personal supporter. The role of wanted and unwanted support in psychosocial adjustment was examined in 79 women recovering from breast cancer. Four distinct patterns of desired support actions were found using cluster analysis. Patterns of wanted support were not related to better or worse psychosocial adjustment. However, a misalignment of support between the provider and the receiver significantly influenced psychosocial adjustment, and unwanted but received support (support commission) was uniquely associated with poor psychosocial adjustment. Clinical interventions using the support instrument could help match support providers' actions to receivers' preferences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fast electrical lysis of cells for capillary electrophoresis

In the past decade, capillary electrophoresis has demonstrated increasing utility for the quantitative analysis of single cells. New applications for the analysis of dynamic cellular properties demand sampling methods with sufficient temporal resolution to accurately measure these processes. In particular, intracellular signaling pathways involving many enzymes can be modulated on subsecond time scales. We have developed a technique to rapidly lyse an adherent mammalian cell using a single electrical pulse followed by efficient loading of the cellular contents into a capillary. Microfabricated electrodes were designed to create a maximum voltage drop across the flattened cell's plasma membrane at a minimum interelectrode voltage. The influence of the interelectrode distance, pulse duration, and pulse strength on the rate of cell lysis was determined. The ability to rapidly lyse a cell and collect and separate the cellular contents was demonstrated by loading cells with Oregon Green and two isomers of carboxyfluorescein. All three fluorophores were detected with a separation efficiency comparable to that of standards. Parallel comparison of electrical lysis to that produced by a laser-based lysis system revealed that the sampling efficiencies of the two techniques were comparable. Rapid cell lysis by an electrical pulse may increase the application of capillary electrophoresis to the study of cellular dynamics requiring fast sampling times.     

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dysregulates Cilia and Basal Cell Homeostasis in the Respiratory Epithelium of Hamsters

Similar to many other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 targets the ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium and compromises mucociliary clearance, thereby facilitating spread to the lungs and paving the way for secondary infections. A detailed understanding of mechanism involved in ciliary loss and subsequent regeneration is crucial to assess the possible long-term consequences of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to characterize the sequence of histological and ultrastructural changes observed in the ciliated epithelium during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the golden Syrian hamster model. We show that acute infection induces a severe, transient loss of cilia, which is, at least in part, caused by cilia internalization. Internalized cilia colocalize with membrane invaginations, facilitating virus entry into the cell. Infection also results in a progressive decline in cells expressing the regulator of ciliogenesis FOXJ1, which persists beyond virus clearance and the termination of inflammatory changes. Ciliary loss triggers the mobilization of p73⁺ and CK14⁺ basal cells, which ceases after regeneration of the cilia. Although ciliation is restored after two weeks despite the lack of FOXJ1, an increased frequency of cilia with ultrastructural alterations indicative of secondary ciliary dyskinesia is observed. In summary, the work provides new insights into SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and expands our understanding of virally induced damage to defense mechanisms in the conducting airways.     

The E3 architecture: enabling future cellular networks with cognitive and self‐x capabilities

Future mobile networks are expected to be complex heterogeneous systems. On the one hand this will enable users to take advantage of a number of different access technologies. On the other hand it will seriously affect network management procedures since more extensive operations and decisions will have to be dealt with. To tackle these challenges a number of new dynamic mechanisms need to be designed. It is imperative that certain network management tasks have to be performed without human intervention to reduce the OPEX costs and achieve faster responses in different events. To achieve this goal, the introduction of self‐x functionalities, combined with cognitive mechanisms and the ability to reconfigure network entities and terminals, is required. Moreover, the introduction of a new pilot channel needs to be considered to assist the terminals in selecting the most suitable radio access technology according to their requirements. We present the functional architecture of an evolved network that was designed in the context of the EU‐funded IP project ‘E³: End‐to‐End Efficiency’. This architecture aims to enhance existing procedures usually performed in traditional operation and maintenance systems (e.g. spectrum management, network planning, configuration actions). We explain the rationale of our design and provide specific examples to illustrate the role of the different functional entities and their interfaces. A considerable part of this architecture has recently been approved as a feasibility study by the ETSI Committee Reconfigurable Radio System. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Network management in a fast packet environment

StrataCom specializes in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology — a method of rapid wide-area distribution of all forms of traffic in cell format. This article will look at how StrataCom approaches network management for ATM switches.     

Self-Management for Access Points Coverage Optimization and Mobility Agents Configuration in Future Access Networks

A key challenge for the management systems of future networks is the reduction of human interventions in the fundamental management functions. These include mechanisms that render the networks capable to configure, optimize, heal and protect itself, but also handle the emerging complexity. Demands for the future internet networks mandate the rapid assessment of the feasibility of such cognitive management architectures that shall bridge the gap between conceptual design and practical network deployments. In this paper, a novel architecture is introduced, based on organized distribution of control feedback cycles at locations allocated across network’s operational elements. Two realisations of self-management in the operations of wired and wireless access network segments are presented. The first one is focused on organization of the wireless access regions in networks by the use of compartments of access points for enabling coverage optimization. A compartment-based approach facilitates the more efficient usage of network resources, exploiting local situation awareness and local optimisation features, according to the varying traffic needs. The second realization shows the control of mobility management processes in wired parts of access networks for balancing utilization of network resources. A dynamic deployment and re-configuration of mobility agents permit to tackle the problem of congestion induced by mobility agents in mobile protocols and combined with a dynamic access router assignment, network resources are efficiently balanced within the network. The paper concludes with findings and recommendations on how common principles of self-management evolve from design theory to practice.     

A survey of autonomic networking architectures: towards a Unified Management Framework

Academic and industrial research initiatives have sought to make fully autonomic networks a reality. Some of these initiatives pursued a holistic approach, while others focused on setting up functionalities for specific networking domains. These efforts did not succeed in being extensively deployed, because the goals of network operators were not satisfactorily met. These goals include unification of management operations, enablement of end‐to‐end management and enhancement of the overall system performance in a trusted way, while reducing management cost. In this paper, we analyse a set of existing autonomic management architectures and frameworks with respect to a selected set of criteria. We then identify missing parts and challenges and propose a framework to unify the most promising attributes towards a novel approach of realization of autonomic networking management. We call this proposal Unified Management Framework (UMF). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.