Trust for Ubiquitous,Transparent Collaboration

In this paper, trust-based recommendations control the exchange of personal information between handheld computers. Combined with explicit risk analysis, this enables unobtrusive information exchange, while limiting access to confidential information. The same model can be applied to a wide range of mobile computing tasks, such as managing personal address books and electronic diaries, to automatically provide an appropriate level of security. Recommendations add structure to the information, by associating categories with data and with each other, with degrees of trust belief and disbelief. Since categories also in turn confer privileges and restrict actions, they are analogous to rôles in a Rôle-Based Access Control system, while principals represent their trust policies in recommendations. Participants first compute their trust in information, by combining their own trust assumptions with others' policies. Recommendations are thus linked together to compute a considered, local trust assessment. Actions are then moderated by a risk assessment, which weighs up costs and benefits, including the cost of the user's time, before deciding whether to allow or forbid the information exchange, or ask for help. By unifying trust assessments and access control, participants can take calculated risks to automatically yet safely share their personal information.     

A Microcomputer-Based Differential Lung Ventilation System

In order to provide a versatile means of delivering differential lung ventilation (DLV), a computer-controlled system was constructed to allow a variety of ventilation protocols as well as to record and monitor relevant physiologic parameters. Two Siemens servo ventilators were modified for synchronous operation and computer control of minute volume and respiratory rate. Twenty-five parameters on the two lungs were collected every breath. Feedback control was used to adjust respiratory rate to maintain PaCO2 = 35 torr and to keep total tidal volume equal to 15 mI/kg. Three differential volume delivery protocols were established. The DLV system was evaluated in a study involving eighteen mongrel dogs (six dogs for each volume delivery protocol), each with a unilateral lung injury caused by an infusion of 0.1 N HOC through the endobronchial tube. This system has proven to be a highly effective and versatile means of providing differential ventilation as well as precise feedback control of essential physiologic parameters such as PaCO2 and tidal volume. The system handles automated data collection of all relevant physiological parameters, making graphical as well as statistical analysis extremely easy.     

Hypothesized simple factor structure for the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: Confirmatory factor analysis.

This study proposed and tested a theoretical factor structure for the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ; S. A. Brown, M. S. Goldman, A. Inn, & L. R. Anderson [see record 1981-01217-001]). Factors were hypothesized to (a) reflect either positive or negative reinforcement, and (b) target either personal feelings or social contexts, resulting in 4 hypothesized factors (Social Enhancement, Social Coping, Personal Enhancement, Personal Coping). Participants were 180 male and 226 female undergraduates who completed the AEQ and additional self-report measures. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the hypothesized model fit the data. Post hoc adjustments further improved the model. Finally, a higher order factor model fit the data best. Factors correlated in hypothesized ways with other measures: (a) Only Personal Coping expectancies correlated with negative affect; (b) self-efficacy to resist drinking for emotional relief correlated highest with Personal Coping; and (c) self-efficacy to resist social pressure to drink correlated highest with Social Enhancement. Correlations with B. C. Leigh and A. W. Stacy's (see record 1993-35856-001) Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire indicated congruent and divergent validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

汽车内串行通信总线

越来越多的电子系统都需要更可靠的互连解决方案,而LIN总线正成为汽车串行通信的新兴标准. 对于汽车制造商来说,非常重要的三大问题就是燃料效率、可靠性和成本.随着汽车设计中电子系统越来越多,问题也变得越来越复杂.这些子系统每个都会增加成本,而且还需要良好的互连策略,从而为汽车设计人员提出了更多挑战.     

Oxidation Transitions for SiC Part I. Active‐to‐Passive Transitions

Oxidation of SiC can occur in a passive mode where a protective film is generated or in an active mode where a volatile suboxide is generated and can lead to rapid material consumption. The transition between these two modes of oxidation is a critical issue. Evidence indicates that this transition occurs via a different mechanism for the active‐to‐passive transition as compared with that of the passive‐to‐active transition. In Part I of this article, the former (active‐to‐passive mode) is explored. Three different types of SiC are examined: Si‐rich SiC, stoichiometric SiC, and C‐rich SiC. Evidence suggests that the SiO₂/SiC equilibrium requirements as well as formation of SiO(g) at the SiC surface and subsequent oxidation to SiO₂(s) are critical issues in the active‐to‐passive transition.     

Dried plum products as a substitute for phosphate in chicken marinade

In order to address the growing demand for more natural poultry products, alkaline phosphates commonly used in chicken breast meat marinades were replaced with plum ingredients and evaluated. For initial sensory evaluation, 200 consumers of chicken were served a small portion of the chicken breast on a plate and were asked to evaluate the product for overall impression, flavor, and texture on a 9-point hedonic scale with 1 = "dislike extremely" and 9 = "like extremely." Also, a 5-point just-about-right (JAR) scale was used on questions about tenderness, juiciness, overall flavor, and saltiness. Both hedonic and JAR demonstrated that the marinades of plum concentrate and the blend of plum fiber and powder were not distinguishable from the control (P > 0.05). Using two different percentages of fiber/powder blend, two different percentages of concentrate, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and no marinade, measurements were made for marinade per cent pickup, thaw loss, and cook loss. Plum concentrate at 1.1% was most similar to STPP in marinade per cent pickup, thaw loss, drip loss, and cook loss. These results show that plum ingredients can potentially be used as a substitute in standard phosphate marinades. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Consumers are increasingly demanding more natural foods with less artificial additives. This research presents the results of experiments using dried plum ingredients as a substitute for phosphates commonly used in marinades for chicken. Results indicate that dried plum ingredients may be a suitable substitute for phosphates in marinades.     

Shhedding New Light on the Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Corneal Wound Healing

The cornea, an anterior ocular tissue that notably serves to protect the eye from external insults and refract light, requires constant epithelium renewal and efficient healing following injury to maintain ocular homeostasis. Although several key cell populations and molecular pathways implicated in corneal wound healing have already been thoroughly investigated, insufficient/impaired or excessive corneal wound healing remains a major clinical issue in ophthalmology, and new avenues of research are still needed to further improve corneal wound healing. Because of its implication in numerous cellular/tissular homeostatic processes and oxidative stress, there is growing evidence of the role of Hedgehog signaling pathway in physiological and pathological corneal wound healing. Reviewing current scientific evidence, Hedgehog signaling and its effectors participate in corneal wound healing mainly at the level of the corneal and limbal epithelium, where Sonic Hedgehog-mediated signaling promotes limbal stem cell proliferation and corneal epithelial cell proliferation and migration following corneal injury. Hedgehog signaling could also participate in corneal epithelial barrier homeostasis and in pathological corneal healing such as corneal injury-related neovascularization. By gaining a better understanding of the role of this double-edged sword in physiological and pathological corneal wound healing, fascinating new research avenues and therapeutic strategies will undoubtedly emerge.     

The Molecular Basis and Pathophysiology of Trigeminal Neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a complex orofacial pain syndrome characterized by the paroxysmal onset of pain attacks in the trigeminal distribution. The underlying mechanism for this debilitating condition is still not clearly understood. Decades of basic and clinical evidence support the demyelination hypothesis, where demyelination along the trigeminal afferent pathway is a major driver for TN pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Such pathological demyelination can be triggered by physical compression of the trigeminal ganglion or another primary demyelinating disease, such as multiple sclerosis. Further examination of TN patients and animal models has revealed significant molecular changes, channelopathies, and electrophysiological abnormalities in the affected trigeminal nerve. Interestingly, recent electrophysiological recordings and advanced functional neuroimaging data have shed new light on the global structural changes and the altered connectivity in the central pain-related circuits in TN patients. The current article aims to review the latest findings on the pathophysiology of TN and cross-examining them with the current surgical and pharmacologic management for TN patients. Understanding the underlying biology of TN could help scientists and clinicians to identify novel targets and improve treatments for this complex, debilitating disease.