The PsyD: Heterogeneity in Practitioner Training.

The paucity of research on PsyD programs has led to unsubstantiated generalizations and uniformity myths about practitioner training. The authors collected information on the admission rates, financial assistance, theoretical orientations, and selected characteristics of American Psychological Association (APA)-accredited PsyD programs in clinical psychology (89% response rate). Systematic comparisons were made between PsyD programs housed in university departments, university professional schools, and freestanding institutions to describe the differences and commonalities among the heterogeneous PsyD programs. Empirical comparisons were provided among APA-accredited PsyD, practice-oriented PhD, and research-oriented PhD programs in clinical psychology to highlight the distinctive features of PsyD programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Substituted Aminoacetamides as Novel Leads for Malaria Treatment

Herein we describe the optimization of a phenotypic hit against Plasmodium falciparum based on an aminoacetamide scaffold. This led to N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-{[4-methyl-3-(morpholinosulfonyl)phenyl]amino}propanamide (compound 28 ) with low-nanomolar activity against the intraerythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite, and which was found to be inactive in a mammalian cell counter-screen up to 25 μm . Inhibition of gametes in the dual gamete activation assay suggests that this family of compounds may also have transmission blocking capabilities. Whilst we were unable to optimize the aqueous solubility and microsomal stability to a point at which the aminoacetamides would be suitable for in vivo pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies, compound 28 displayed excellent antimalarial potency and selectivity; it could therefore serve as a suitable chemical tool for drug target identification.     

Psychologists conducting psychotherapy in 2001: A study of the Division 29 membership.

This study updated similar investigations conducted in 1981 and 1991 on the American Psychological Association Division of Psychotherapy membership to provide a contemporary portrait of psychologists conducting psychotherapy and to chronicle historical trends. Five hundred thirty-eight psychologists (57% response rate) completed a questionnaire in summer 2001 regarding their demographic characteristics, professional activities, theoretical orientations, and career experiences. The results point to an aging and increasingly diverse membership that continues to be employed primarily in private practices (66%) and university settings (14%) and that continues to embrace eclectic/integrative (36%), psychodynamic (21%), and cognitive (16%) orientations. Professional activities have remained quite similar across the past 20 years, with the exception of a notable decline in personality and projective testing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Where are the commonalities among the therapeutic common factors?

There is little convergence or empirical research on factors shared by diverse psychotherapies. We reviewed 50 publications to discern commonalities among proposed therapeutic common factors. The number of factors per publication ranged from 1 to 20, with 89 different commonalities proposed in all. Analyses revealed that 41% of proposed commonalities were change processes; by contrast, only 6% of articulated commonalities were client characteristics. The most consensual commonalities across categories were development of a therapeutic alliance, opportunity for catharsis, acquisition and practice of new behaviors, and clients' positive expectancies. The frequency of selected commonalities is presented and directions for future research are outlined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sauce for the goose: A response to Wolpe.

Argues that J. Wolpe's (see record 1981-33203-001) article does not represent an accurate and intellectually honest presentation of the data. Psychoanalysts are presented as ill-equipped, theory-obsessed philosophers who rationalize lack of progress by saddling the patient with the responsibility of it. It is argued that several of Wolpe's conclusions are sweeping generalizations predicted more on personal opinion and values than the evidence. Wolpe's comments on an article by E. Erwin (see record 1980-12338-001) are contrasted with those of S. Garfield (PA, Vol 66:13210) to illustrate his biases. It is further argued that Wolpe would like to generalize his criticism of psychoanalysis to other psychodynamic, insight-oriented verbal therapies without adequately distinguishing between them and that he assumes that psychotherapists agree on what psychotherapy is and how it should be measured. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Microflow NMR: concepts and capabilities

The principles and parameters to consider when choosing an NMR probe for analysis of a volume- or mass-limited sample are identified and discussed. In particular, a capillary-based microflow probe is described which has a mass sensitivity comparable to cryoprobes (observe volume approximately 40 microL), but with several distinct advantages. The microflow probe has a flowcell volume of 5 microL and an observe volume of 1.5 microL and is equipped with proton and carbon observe channels, deuterium lock, and z-gradient capability. The entire flow path is fused silica; inlet and outlet capillary inner diameters are 50 microm to minimize sample dispersion, making it well-suited to volume-limited samples. An injected sample of 1 nmol of sucrose (0.34 microg in 3 microL, 0.33 mM; MW = 342 g/mol) yields a 1D proton spectrum in 10 min on a spectrometer of 500 MHz or higher. In another example, 15 microg of sucrose (in 3 microL; 15 mM, 45 nmol) is injected and parked in the probe to yield a heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (HMQC) spectrum in less than 15 h. The natural product muristerone A (75 microg in 3 microL, 50 mM, 150 nmol; MW = 497 g/mol) was delivered to the flow cell, and a gradient correlation spectroscopy spectrum was acquired in 7 min, a gradient HMQC in 4 h, and a gradient heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation in 11 h. Four basic modes of sample injection into the probe vary in degree of user intervention, speed, solvent consumption, and sample delivery efficiency. Manual, manual-assisted (employing a micropump), automated (using an autosampler), and capillary HPLC modes of operation are described.     

Magnetic Retrieval of Encapsulated Beta Cell Transplants from Diabetic Mice Using Dual-Function MRI Visible and Retrievable Microcapsules

Encapsulated beta cell transplantation offers a potential cure for a subset of diabetic patients. Once transplanted, beta cell grafts can help to restore glycemic control; however, locating and retrieving cells in the event of graft failure may pose a surgical challenge. Here, a dual-function nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel microcapsule is developed that enables graft retrieval under an applied magnetic field. Additionally, this system facilitates graft localization via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and graft isolation from the immune system. Iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulated within alginate hydrogel capsules containing viable islets are transplanted and the in vitro and in vivo retrieval of capsules containing nanoparticles functionalized with various ligands are compared. Capsules containing islets co-encapsulated with COOH-coated nanoparticles restore normal glycemia in immunocompetent diabetic mice for at least 6 weeks, can be visualized using MRI, and are retrievable in a magnetic field. Application of a magnetic field for 90 s via a magnetically assisted retrieval device facilitates rapid retrieval of up to 94% (±3.1%) of the transplant volume 24 h after surgical implantation. This strategy aids monitoring of cell-capsule locations in vivo, facilitates graft removal at the end of the transplant lifetime, and may be applicable to many encapsulated cell transplant systems.     

Empirically supported therapy relationships: Conclusions and recommendations fo the Division 29 Task Force.

Discusses the conclusions and reccomendations of the Division 29 Task Force regarding emperical evidence supporting therapy relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introduction.

On the occasion of—and in celebration of—the American Psychological Association's centennial (1892-1992), we offer this special issue in an attempt to identify and describe future trends in psychotherapy. The special issue is divided into three sections: Theoretical Orientations; Formats and Applications; and Directions and Predictions. Section I contains forecasts on the future of psychotherapy from the unique vantage point of diverse therapeutic traditions. Section II consists of articles on therapeutic formats, populations, and applications. Section III represents original papers that survived the peer review process. Throughout, the explicit time frame is the next decade (1992-2001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)