Temporal and spatial dynamics of surface run‐off from Lake Basaka catchment (Ethiopia) using SCS‐CN model coupled with remote sensing and GIS

The Lake Basaka catchment (Ethiopia) has undergone a significant land use–land cover (LULC) change and lake level rise over the past five decades. Significant quantities of water and sediment flow annually into the lake through erosion processes. An appropriate method of estimating the surface run‐off from such ungauged and dynamic catchment is extremely important for delineating sensitive areas (based on run‐off responses) to be protected and for development of suitable measures to reduce run‐off and associated soil loss. Reliable prediction of run‐off, however, is very difficult and time‐consuming for catchments such as that of Lake Basaka. The present study estimated the dynamics of surface (direct) run‐off using the NRCS‐CN model in ArcGIS, assisted by remote sensing and ancillary data. The results indicated the Lake Basaka catchment experienced significant temporal and spatial variability in its run‐off responses, depending on the rainfall (amount and distribution) pattern and LULC changes. A significant run‐off increase occurred after 1973, consistent with significant LULC changes and lake level increments occurring after that period. A reduced vegetation cover also resulted in increased run‐off coefficient of the lake catchment from 0.11 in the 1970s to 0.23 in the 2000s, indicating the important need to consider possible future LULC evolution when forecasting the lake catchment run‐off behaviour.     

Touch Voltage and Electrical Safety when Maintaining Overhead Power Transmission Lines

Power Technology and Engineering - The problem of electrical safety involving the assessment of hazardous factors during repair of overhead transmission lines is considered. The conditions of...     

Solution of the Problem of an Acoustically Transparent Body in a Far Field

A solution to the problem of realization of an acoustically transparent body in a far field is proposed using active quenching of the diffracted field by quenching means placed on the surface of the body.     

Development of the Design Model of a Hydrodynamic Lubricating Material Formed during Melting of the Axial Bearing,in the Presence of Forced Lubrication

This work presents a method of formation of an accurate self-similar solution of the problem of hydrodynamic calculation of a wedge-shaped support (slide block, guide) operating in the presence of a lubricating material and melt of the guide. Based on the equation of motion of an viscous incompressible liquid for a “thin layer” and the expression for the energy dissipation rate, an analytical dependence is obtained for the profile of the melted surface of the guide. In addition, the main performance characteristics of the friction couple considered are defined. The influence of the parameter specified by the melt of the guide on the bearing capacity and friction force is estimated.     

Spectral-Spatial Methods for Hyperspectral Image Classification. Review

Various methods of spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral data are reviewed. Papers devoted to the most popular ways of using spatial information for increasing the accuracy of classification maps are considered. It is shown that the best results are obtained by using preprocessing of “raw” data before the procedures of pixel-wise spectral classification. Disadvantages, limits, and possible directions for developing existing methods are investigated and analyzed.     

Evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of soils from static-penetration data

Conclusions 1. The specific resistance of soil not only beneath the cone of the penetrometer but also against the friction couple should be used to define the prediction of the strength and deformation characteristics of silty-clayey soils more precisely from static-penetration data, and the type of clayey soils should also be considered for the strength characteristics.2. For penetrometers equipped with radiation-logging apparatus, it is possible to evaluate mechanical characteristics of soils under field conditions, using the soil's density in addition to the penetration parameters q and f.3. In developing regional statistical relationships, it should be remembered that the extent to which q and f influence . c, and E is determined largely by what types of soil the statistical sample represents and in what range the physical indicators of its conditions vary.4. To define the recommendations of Construction Rule and Regulation 1.02.07-87 more precisely, it is expedient to use resultant correlation relationships (6)–(8) to evaluate , c, and E from static-penetration data for the genetic groups of quartenary deposits investigated.Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Grungov, No. 4, pp. 21–24, July–August, 1990.     

Regulation of carbon potential in case-hardening units using electrochemical sensors and microcomputers

Scientific-Production Union "VNIITMASh." Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 21–24, May, 1990.     

Strain aging in the surface layers of low alloy steel

Conclusion Investigation of the process of anomalous strain aging in the surface layers of low carbon, steel after grinding and lengthy aging confirmed the decisive role of carbon in the change of the mechanical properties of the surface layers and of their physical state.The microhardness of steel (0.033% C; 0.010% N) after aging for one year more than doubles in the surface layers 6–8 m thick. Across the layer it changes nonmonotonically; hardness changes most in the surface layer 1–2 m thick.The effect of strain aging of steel is associated with the gradual development of a mosaic structure in the crystal grains, caused by the redistribution of dislocations. The magnitude of misorientation of substructural elements of the grains, evaluated according to the size of the interference spots on the x-ray photograph, changes during aging from a few to tens of degrees.The change of properties of the subsurface layers in time is apparently caused by hydrogenation that occurs when steel is ground, and by the subsequent process of redistribution of impurity elements, causing a high degree of lattice distortions in it.Engineering Institute, A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 11, pp. 32–38, November, 1990.     

Surface wear of a plate in the cone-plate frictional pair of an expansion system

The surface wear of the plate the cone-plate frictional pair in an expansion system is investigated.     

Multilayer Composites Based on PTFE Films and Fiberglass

Fibre Chemistry - The article is devoted to the development of two-layer composites with a fluoroplastic matrix and fiberglass reinforcing elements. The fluoroplastic matrix acts as a protective...