Rate of Transfer of Impurity “Hot” 111In and 114m In Atoms in Irradiated Metallic Cadmium as Influenced by the Nuclear History

Migration of ¹¹¹In and ^114m In impurity atoms (formed by nuclear transformations) during annealing of deuteron- and -particle-irradiated cadmium foils was studied. It was shown that the rate of transfer of radioactive microimpurities depends on the nuclear history, namely, the type and energy of charged particles, total fluence, and intensities of the beams of bombarding particles.     

Prognostic factors of the probability of the occurrence of complications in the radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms

The authors present an analysis of the causes of radiation induced complications in 383 patients referred to the Chair of Clinical Radiology from different medical institutions of the country. It was found that under distant gamma therapy, to prevent the development of complications the value of TDF-factor should not exceed 105--110, for the associated radiotherapy--130--140, and that for close focal roentgenotherapy--130--150. In vast majority of patients (95.3%) the complications resulted from surpassing the normal tissue tolerance. To prevent radiation injuries it is suggested to take into consideration the TDF-factor values, while in planning radiotherapy to choose such schedules of irradiation, which preclude any surpassing of the tolerance of normal tissues and organs adjacent to the tumor.     

Distortion of millimeter-wave absorption in biological media due to presence of thermocouples and other objects

Specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions in the vicinity of a thermocouple or air bubble in water and in the presence of hair or sweat duct in skin were calculated using analytical and two-dimensional impedance methods. The objects were exposed to uniform 42.25 GHz plane electromagnetic fields. Insertion of a 0.1-mm thermocouple or similarly sized air bubble into water produced a strong localized disturbance of the otherwise uniform SAR distribution. However, the average of SAR values immediately surrounding the thermocouple was close to the undisturbed uniform average SAR. This allows measuring the average SAR during exposure of both unbounded and bounded media using calibrated small thermocouples (up to 0.1 mm). The SAR distribution in the vicinity of a hair was qualitatively similar to that produced by an air bubble. The maximal value of SAR was more than three times higher than the overall average SAR value in the skin. Sweat ducts produced a smaller disturbance of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) field.     

A taxation model

A new approach to taxation modeling is considered that takes into account the relationship between the costs of fixed capital and direct labor. The well-known Balatskii model in which the emphasis is put on fixed capital is substantially generalized. The problem of optimizing the total tax rate with respect to a Laffer-type criterion is solved. Statistical data for Ukraine over 2000–2003 are used. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 1, pp. 160–164, January–February 2007.