Intravascular blood coagulation in patients with acute destructive cholecystitis with paravesical infiltration

Data are submitted on changes in the system of regulation of the aggregate state of blood, that result in the development of the second stage of intravascular hemocoagulation syndrome in patients with destructive forms of cholecystitis presenting with paravesicular infiltration in the preoperative period. Disruptions in hemostasis remain after surgery, which fact attests to the need for working out efficient pathogenetically validated methods of correction thereof for the combined treatment of the pathology in question to be raised to a much higher level.     

The importance of the density of spleen cell suspensions in cultures for development of immune reactions

A relationship was revealed between the number of cells in the suspension of the splenic tissue taken for induction of primary immunization of the reaction outside the organism and the number of the plaque-forming cells (PFC) formed by the end of incubation. It was shown that with increase of the cell density in the culture in the bottom of the incubation flask there was a 10-100 fold decrease of the PFC response; as to the cell viability--it was not affected or decreased but slightly. This effect was observed in using sheep red blood cells and water-soluble antigen extracted from them as an antigen. The effect was independent of shortage of the antigen or of the nutrient substances; it was accompanied by a general reduction of the 3H-thymidine incorporation into cultured cells.     

Surgeons in the United States. Activities, output and income

In a national surgical manpower questionnaire survey, 76% of those MD and DO surgeons who were contactable returned questionnaires that included a log diary reporting details of their daily activities. Comparisons were made of allocation of professional time, number of operations performed, and net income of respondents by physician classification (including certification), specialty, practice arrangement, age, and census division. The mean professional workweek was estimated at 46 hours for all respondents. More than two thirds of the total professional time was spent in direct patient care; about half the surgeon's time was spent in the hospital, with nearly 20% in the operating room. The median annual work load of respondents was 170 operations. Their median annual net income was $45,700.     

Effect of the alimentary factor on certain indices of the functional state of the pancreas in young peptic ulcer patients and atrophic gastritis patients

The activity of amylase, lipase and trypsin was increased and that of the trypsin inhibitor decreased in the blood serum of young peptic ulcer patients as compared with healthy persons. The antiulcerous dietetics normalized significantly the parameters studied. Similar highly pronounced shifts in the activity of the blood pancreatic enzymes were revealed in atrophic gastritis patients. Hyperamilasuria and clinical symptoms of pancreatitis were not observed both in the peptic patients, and in the atrophic gastritis patients. The shifts in the blood content of pancreatic enzymes and their dynamics correlated mainly with the intensity and dynamics of the disturbances in the locomotive function of the gastroduodenal system.