The effect of linoleyl hydroxamic acid on lipid peroxidation processes and on the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system in rats under hypoxia

It was studied the effect of new blocker of lipoxygenase way of arachidontic acid metabolism--linoleyl-hydroxamic acid--on the status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in blood, heart, liver, lung and brain in rats under acute hypoxic hypoxia. It was shows that preliminary introduction of this substance lead to increase of antioxidant enzymes activity--superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmine, and to decrease of lipid peroxidation level during hypoxia in blood, heart, liver and lung (without brain).     

The standard biphasic-contrast gastric series

Biphasic gastric studies combining the advantages of both single- (positive) and double-contrast techniques performed under hypotony can now be accomplished as a routine procedure. In a series of 5,000 studies, the standardized method averaged only 15 minutes per patient.     

Dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans: analysis of eight cases in an African population

Eight cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans seen in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between 1960 and 1972 are reviewed. The condition is rare in this population and affects young adults of both sexes. All were treated by wide excision and skin grafting with no recurrence at follow-up. The apparently low incidence being reported may be due in part to the inconsistent histological pattern of the lesion. Clinicians are urged to be more aware of this condition when a cutaneous, nodular or multiobulated tumor is encountered.     

Estimation of the mass-balance of selected metals in four sanitary landfills in Western Norway, with emphasis on the heavy metal content of the deposited waste and the leachate

A worst-case simulation of the mass-balance for metals in the waste deposited during 1 year and the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe) in the leachate was calculated for four sanitary landfills in Western Norway. Estimates of the levels of metal content in mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) were found by using recent literature values calculated in a mass-balance study at a Norwegian waste incinerator plant. Leachate from the landfills were sampled and analyzed monthly during 1 year, and from these measurements the total annual discharge of the selected metals through the leachate was determined. The levels of the measured heavy metals in the leachate were low. For Cd less than 0.06%, for Pb less than 0.01% and for Hg less than 0.02% of the estimated year's deposited mass of metals were leached from the landfills during the year of investigation. The high retention of these metals are most likely due to sulfide precipitation, but also due to the immobile condition of the metals in their original deposited solid state (plastics, ceramics, etc.). The percentage of Cr leached was relatively higher, but less than 1.0% per year. The mass balance of Fe suggests that this element is more mobile under the prevailing conditions. The percentage of Fe leached varied and was estimated to be between 1.9% and 18%. The present study clearly supports the theory that MSW only to a small extent will lead to discharge of metals if deposited at well-constructed sanitary landfills with top layers.     

Effect of rock mass quality on construction time in a road tunnel

On the basis of the existing NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) advance rate model and field experiences, an estimation model which can analyze construction time for a broad range of works related to tunnel construction by drill and blast has been established. The model includes the time spent for excavation, rock support, various installations in the tunnel, and site preparation. The model is developed as a spreadsheet. Furthermore, by the use of the model, analyses on various effects of rock mass quality on construction time and advance rate for four Q-values of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 on seven sizes of road tunnels applied in Norway were made. The results show that construction time increases up to 30–40% with cross sectional area varying from T5 (35.2 m²) to T12 (86.9 m²) under the assumption that the same Q-value is applicable to the entire tunnel length. Standard advance rate considering the effect of rock mass quality may be about 50% lower for Q = 0.01 than in the case of not considering the same effect in a 3 km tunnel. The gap between the two standard advance rates is gradually decreasing with increased Q-value.     

Loop-free alternates and not-via addresses: A proper combination for IP fast reroute?

The IETF currently discusses fast reroute mechanisms for IP networks (IP FRR). IP FRR accelerates the recovery in case of network element failures and avoids micro-loops during re-convergence. Several mechanisms are proposed. Loop-free alternates (LFAs) are simple but cannot cover all single link and node failures. Not-via addresses can protect against these failures but are more complex, in particular, they use tunneling techniques to deviate backup traffic. In the IETF it has been proposed to combine both mechanisms to merge their advantages: simplicity and full failure coverage.This work analyzes LFAs and classifies them according to their abilities. We qualitatively compare LFAs and not-via addresses and develop a concept for their combined application to achieve 100% single failure coverage, while using simple LFAs wherever possible. The applicability of existing LFAs depends on the resilience requirements of the network. We study the backup path length and the link utilization for both IP FRR methods and quantify the decapsulation load and the increase of the routing table size caused by not-via addresses. We conclude that the combined usage of both methods has no advantage compared to the application of not-via addresses only.     

MRI findings in simultaneous bilateral meniscal lesions

This study investigates concurrent lesions of the knee that may be associated with bilateral simultaneous meniscal lesions. The MRI images of the knees of 22 patients with this condition were examined in detail. The results suggest a degenerative cause.     

Mass-balance estimation of heavy metals and selected anions at a landfill receiving MSWI bottom ash and mixed construction wastes

An estimation of the heavy metal and anion mass-balance was made for municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash deposited at a construction and industrial waste landfill. The mass-balance was found by comparing the content of metals and anions in the landfill leachate to the metal and anion content in the deposited bottom ash. The discharge of heavy metals ranged from 0.001% for Pb to 0.55% for Cr, which is approximately at the same level as in regular municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. Landfilled organic material and silicates from construction waste might have contributed to the retention of metals. Chloride, and to a lesser extent sulphate, appeared to be readily released from the landfill. It was estimated that a mass corresponding to 80% of the Cl- and 18% of the SO(4)2- in the bottom ash was discharged annually. Low retention, especially of chloride, may lead to a rapid decline in the discharge of this ion in the future when the landfilling of bottom ash is discontinued.     

Serious hand sepsis and diabetes mellitus: specific tropical syndrome with western counterparts

Infection in the extremities of diabetic patients most commonly involves the feet and, at least in western societies, is often associated with chronic complications of diabetes. Severe hand infection, often culminating in amputation and even death, is, however, well-described in tropical countries, where it may not be associated with any evidence of neuropathy or arterial insufficiency. Similar cases are described in the western literature but are more often associated with more severe antecedent trauma. The literature describing hand sepsis in diabetic patients both in tropical and in western practice is reviewed and we draw some conclusions about pathogenesis and treatment from the literature and from original data documenting the varying experience of hand sepsis in diabetic practice throughout Africa.