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981.
A two-dimensional cross-section finite difference model is presented to simulate density dependent leachate migration in leaky aquifers. Unlike existing models, a new approach is adopted to couple the groundwater-flow equation and the hydrodynamic dispersion equation with the elimination of the intermediate step of calculating velocities. The concept of the reference density is employed, permitting increased accuracy (over pressure-based models) in the representation of the transport process. The model is then used to study the effect of several hydraulic and transport parameters on the flow pattern and plume migration which are found to be very sensitive to most of these parameters. Equiconcentration and equipotential lines are overlapped to provide a better understanding of the coupling effect. 相似文献
982.
U. Prakash K. Muraleedharan R. A. Buckley H. Jones P. A. Shenton 《Journal of Materials Science》1996,31(6):1569-1573
Substitutions (0–16 at%) of titanium for iron in Fe3Al-based alloys rapidly solidified by chill-block melt-spinning stabilize the D03 and B2 ordered structures. Rapid solidification results in total suppression of D03 order in binary alloys, whereas alloys containing titanium have D03 structure. D03 and B2 antiphase domain size, lattice parameter and hardness increase with increasing titanium content of the alloy. The deformation mode changes from single (unit) bcc dislocation in binary alloys to two-fold superdislocation configuration in D03Fe3Al-Ti alloys. Mechanical antiphase boundaries are generated by the movement of these imperfect configurations. All the alloys exhibited cleavage tensile failure. The mechanical properties are correlated with the observed structural changes. 相似文献
983.
The growth structure of MgF2 and NdF3 films grown on polished CaF2(111) substrates deposited by molecular beam deposition has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of microfractographical and surface replications as well as cross-sectional TEM, atomic force microscopy, packing density, and absorption measurements. It has been shown that by taking advantage of ultrahigh vacuum environments and a special stratification property of MgF2 and NdF3 films, the preparation of nanocrystalline films of high packing density and low optical absorption is possible at a substrate temperature of 425 K. 相似文献
984.
J. S. Hong L. Gao X. X. Huang B. A. Shaw D. P. Thompson 《Journal of Materials Science》1996,31(4):957-962
Tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (TZP) ceramics containing SiC reinforcement in the form of fine particles (nano-scale), particles (micro-scale), whiskers and platelets were synthesized by hot-pressing. The effects of morphology and grain size of SiC reinforcement on the strength and fracture toughness at room temperature were investigated. The addition of SiC (in whatever form) caused decreases in strength and toughness at room temperature with the exception of whisker-reinforced materials. Toughness fell off with increasing temperature, but nevertheless retained about one-half of the room-temperature value for that particular SiC reinforcement. However, the whisker- and particle-reinforced materials had higher K
lc values at high temperature than fine particle- or platelet-reinforced materials, with values in excess of 7 MPa m1/2 at 1000 °C. The microstructure was examined for SiC whisker-reinforced/TZP materials by TEM and HREM, to examine the nature of the whisker/zirconia interface. 相似文献
985.
Cryogenic detectors with superconducting tunnel junctions can provide an energy resolution improved by at least one order of magnitude compared with standard semiconductor detectors. While the detection principle was already demonstrated many years ago, the past years were dedicated to the transition from the laboratory sample to practical detectors. Our most favored detector design gives rise to tunnel junctions with electrodes of unequal energy gaps. In such hetero tunnel junctions bias conditions can be established which cause a negative signal current. We report the experimental verification of this effect, and we discuss the yield of charge signal of cryogenic detectors based upon superconducting tunnel junctions. 相似文献
986.
The Center for NDE, Iowa State University, has developed a laboratory prototype Golay code pulse compression system and tested
it on a variety of materials. The performance of the system was evaluated in terms of signal-to-noise ratio enhancement (SNRE),
resolution, and computation speed. The system's error sources also were discussed. The Golay code pulse compression was simulated
on a computer and demonstrated the effective noise suppression. In addition, an equivalent pulse of the Golay code (delta-like
pulse) was derived theoretically using a simple ultrasonic inspection model, which demonstrated its equivalence on the output
correlated signal. Overall, the pulse compression technique extended the detection range for a given peak power and considerably
reduced the system'swhite noise, hence providing enhanced signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). An average of 30 dB improvement in SNR was obtained from highly
energy-absorbent materials such as rubber, plastics, corks (insulation materials), and thick composites using the Golay codes
of up to 512 bits. However, the technique did not effectively reduce coherent scattering noises from the coarse grain boundaries
in cast stainless steels, Inconel weld metal, and material lay-ups in thin composites. Furthermore, it was found that, depending
upon the system's hardware capabilities, the overall performance could be degraded considerably. 相似文献
987.
P. Villars K. Cenzual J. Daams R. Gladyshevskii O. Shcherban et al. 《International Journal of Fracture》1994,70(4):375-375
Author index, vol. 70 (1994/1995) 相似文献
988.
Airborne scatterometers: investigating ocean backscatter under low and high-wind conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carswell J.R. Carson S.C. McIntosh R.E. Li F.K. Neumann G. McLaughlin D.J. Wilkerson J.C. Black P.G. Nghiem S.V. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》1994,82(12):1835-1860
Attempting to understand and predict weather on a local and global basis has challenged both the scientific and engineering communities. One key parameter in understanding the weather is the ocean surface wind vector because of its role in the energy exchange at the air-sea surface. scatterometers, radars that measure the reflectivity of a target offer a tool with which to remotely monitor these winds from tower-, aircraft-, and satellite-based platforms. This paper introduces three current airborne scatterometer systems, and presents data collected by these instruments under low-, moderate-, and high-wind conditions. The paper focuses on airborne scatterometers because of their ability to resolve submesoscale variations in wind fields. Discrepancies between existing theory and the observations are noted and the concerns in measuring low-wind speeds discussed. Finally, the application of using this technology for estimating the surface-wind vector during a hurricane is demonstrated 相似文献
989.
P Cruz R Almeida M Gon?alves G Marote J Silva C Cavaleiro V Jacinto 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,7(5):277-280
Ocular paresis is a usual diagnosis in neuro-ophthalmologic consultation, and its aetiology is indeed a challenge. The authors studied 3400 records concerning this consultation, between 1982 and the third quarter of 1993. During this period 221 cases with ocular paresis were selected. During this retrospective study we point out the following items: the cranial nerve affected; the neuro-ophthalmologic semiology; the aetiology and clinical evolution, according to the age groups. From 221 cases selected, 111 were paresis from the VIth pair (50.2%), 88 from the IIIrd pair (39.8%), 14 multiple paresis (6.4%) and 8 paresis from the IVth pair (3.6%). The most frequent complaint was diplopia (> 90%). As far as the aetiological diagnosis is concerned, this was easier to establish in patients > 50 years of age. In this age group the most usual aetiology was vascular and traumatic pathologies. In younger patients the most frequent pathologies were traumatic and tumoral. The prognostic was better in the vascular group, the paresis recovery being > 50% in all other pathologies, except the tumoral one. 相似文献
990.
A Colli M Cocciolo C Riva L Marcassoli M Pirola P Di Gregorio G Buccino 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,72(3):677-682
BACKGROUND: Ascites in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a poorly characterized subgroup of malignancy-related ascites. Not only the underlying liver disease, but also the tumor growth and spread contributes to the ascites formation. The authors differentiated ascites in HCC from other types of ascites. METHODS: The authors analyzed the ascitic fluid of 185 consecutive patients (89 liver cirrhosis, 33 HCC, 31 peritoneal carcinomatosis, 22 liver metastases, 10 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis). RESULTS: Each subgroup showed a typical pattern. Compared with the cirrhotic patients, those with HCC showed a higher frequency of positive cytologic findings (4 of 33 versus 0/89, P < 0.004), elevated fibronectin concentration (10/33 versus 8/89, P < 0.004), and elevated polymorphonuclear cell count (10/33 versus 5/89 P < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of patients with ascites and HCC patients showed signs of peritoneal infiltration with positive cytologic findings and increased concentration of fibronectin. Moreover, neutrocytic ascites without signs of superinfection is relatively common (30%). 相似文献