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The partition of free fatty acids (FFA) to egg-phosphatidylcholine (egg-PC) and egg-phosphatidylethanolamine (egg-PE) vesicles was studied. Upon the addition of FFA to the suspension of vesicles, the pH of the aqueous phase changed depending on the length and saturation of the FFA hydrocarbon chain, as well as on the vesicle composition. The medium pH decreased faster if FFA was added to egg-PE as compared to egg-PC vesicles. The fluorescent free fatty acid indicator (ADIFAB) was used to measure the amount of FFA remaining in the aqueous phase. Most of the FFA added to the suspension of egg-PE vesicles remained in the aqueous phase, whereas in the presence of egg-PC vesicles the FFA partitioned preferentially into the lipid phase. The amount of FFA incorporated into the lipid bilayers was estimated by measuring the changes of pH at the lipid bilayer surface, using fluorescein-PE. At high surface concentrations of FFA, decreasing pH at the bilayer surface caused the protonation of FFA, and raised the pK of FFA at the bilayer surface from 5 to about 7. The partition of FFA in egg-PE vesicles was an order of magnitude lower than that in egg-PC vesicles. The incorporation amount was determined more by the molecular packing than by the nature of lipid headgroups, because steroylcaprioyl-PE, which preferred the bilayer structure, behaved more like egg-PC than egg-PE. Understanding FFA partition characteristics would help to interpret the hydrolysis measurements of phospholipids, and to explain many biological activities of FFA. 相似文献
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KL Gatford TP Fletcher IJ Clarke PC Owens KJ Quinn PE Walton PA Grant BJ Hosking AR Egan EN Ponnampalam 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,74(6):1314-1325
The effects of sex and age on patterns of circulating somatotropin (ST) concentration and plasma IGF-I, IGF-II, insulin, and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were studied in ram, wether, and ewe lambs (n = 7 or 8) sampled at mean ages of 81 (I1) and 158 d (I2). Between 81 and 158 d of age, rams grew more rapidly than wethers (P < .01), and wethers grew more rapidly than ewes (P < .01). The sex differences in growth were reflected in empty body weight at slaughter: rams > wethers > ewes (P < .05). Mean plasma ST concentrations, ST pulse amplitude, and integrated plasma ST concentrations were greater (P < .05) in rams than in ewes at I1 and I2. Characteristics of the ST plasma profile in wethers were generally intermediate between those of rams and ewes. The interpulse interval was greater in ewes than in wethers at I2. The IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were greater in rams than in ewes at both sampling times. Plasma IGF-II was greater in ewes than in rams at I2. Mean plasma ST was approximately two thirds less at I2 than at I1 regardless of sex. Mean plasma ST and IGF-I at both ages were positively correlated with growth. Mean plasma ST at I2 was negatively correlated with fatness at slaughter. Sex and age significantly affected patterns of circulating ST and concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in prepubertal growing lambs, under conditions for which growth rates and composition were also sexually dimorphic. 相似文献
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PA DeLuca 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,43(5):1135-1150
Orthopedic management of children with cerebral palsy is best accomplished with a team approach, which generally is effective in the other neuromotor disabilities of childhood, such as myelomeningocele and muscle disease. Because contracture development is inevitable in growing children with spastic musculature or muscle imbalance and is a prime cause of musculoskeletal dysfunction, its control over time using therapy, bracing, and medication is essential. Problems such as severe contracture, joint deformity, and scoliosis interfere with the basic requirement of comfortable seating in children with quadriplegic involvement and frequently require surgery. In ambulatory children, the use of three-dimensional gait analysis has allowed multilevel surgery to be appropriately planned, minimizing exposure to surgery and therapy. 相似文献
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D. B. Zeik J. R. Dugan D. W. Schroeder J. W. Baur S. J. Clarson G. N. De Brabander J. T. Boyd 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1995,56(9):1039-1044
Plasma-polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) films have been prepared as both planar and channel wave guides. The optical attenuation results measured in both the planar and channel HMDS wave guides were found to be similar, thus demonstrating that the inherent solvent resistance and chemical inertness of the plasma polymerized films allows the use of common photoresist techniques, including application of the photoresist, photomasking, and subsequent etching. This may be contrasted with wave guides made from conventional polymers, where careful consideration must be given to photoresist/polymer compatibility, because the photoresist solvents may adversely affect the underlying polymer and lead to degradation of the material during processing. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Hydrogen exchange labelling has been a key method in characterizing the structure of transient folding intermediates. In studies of several proteins, however, there has been clear spectroscopic evidence for partial folding of some kind at very early times, before any protection from exchange was measurable. These results, presumably a consequence of limited stability of specific backbone interactions, have made it difficult to assess the extent of native-like folding in the very early intermediates. We have used a variant of the labelling method to investigate marginally stable structures formed within the first few milliseconds of refolding of two such proteins, hen lysozyme and ubiquitin. RESULTS: In lysozyme, population of a subset of native-like secondary structures on this timescale is revealed, thus reconciling the exchange behaviour with circular dichroism measurements and confirming the significance of the rapidly formed embryonic structure as a foundation for the subsequent folding pathway. In the case of ubiquitin, by contrast, no significantly protective structure was detectable, suggesting that here secondary structural elements can be populated only marginally ahead of the major cooperative folding event; this was also supported by stopped-flow circular dichroism measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The hydrogen exchange approach can be extended to probe the formation of native-like structure formed in very early folding intermediates, even when the stability of specific interactions is marginal. In the case of lysozyme, this has provided a new window on an early stage of organization of the alpha-helical domain. 相似文献
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PA Galindo E Gómez J Borja F Feo R García M Lombardero D Barber 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,26(5):251-254
Incidence of gastrointestinal tuberculosis increases in the western world. Exact epidemiological data about this rare extrapulmonological disease are not available in Hungary. Three advanced cases with intestinal tuberculosis have been reported, all of them recognised during surgery due to complications. The clinicopathological correlations are briefly reviewed, and the importance of early diagnosis is emphasized. 相似文献
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PA Granato 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,16(3):237-243
Within the last decade, major technologic advances have been made in clinical microbiology that have resulted in the availability of a wide variety of different methods for the rapid reporting of test results. Included among these technologies are rapid methods for producing antimicrobial susceptibility reports that many regard as the most important information generated by the microbiology laboratory. Ideally, the early availability of this important information should favorably affect patient care by enabling the more judicious use of alternative drug therapies that are equally efficacious yet less toxic and less costly to the patient. Clinicians appear to have been reluctant to modify initial empiric therapies, however, despite the availability of the rapid antimicrobial susceptibility report. This article addresses some of the issues responsible for this long-standing problem and discusses and explores various strategies that can be implemented for improving the use and for controlling the cost of antimicrobial agents within the hospital. 相似文献