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231.
Treated was an anti-plane crack perpendicular to the interface of an exponential-type FGM strip bonded to another linear-type
FGM substrate with infinite thickness. Through Fourier integral transform, the problem was reduced as a Cauchy singular integral
equation, which was further solved numerically by the Lobatto–Chebyshev collocation method. Based on the numerical solution,
the effects of the geometrical and physical parameters on the stress intensity factor (SIF) were analyzed and the following
conclusions were obtained: (a) A notable discrepancy between the interface-perpendicular crack and the interfacial one is
that, to reduce the weak-discontinuity of interface or to make the interface micro-discontinuous will not necessarily decrease
the SIF of the former, but will surely decrease that of the latter. (b) When a crack tip is situated very near to the interface
(or free surface), its SIF will be high and totally dominated by the interface (or free surface). (c) To increase the stiffness
of the FGM on one side of the interface is beneficial to preventing the crack on the other side from growing toward the interface.
Besides, some practical suggestions were further given for material design in the field of composites. 相似文献
232.
233.
A new high-order accurate continuous Galerkin method for linear elastodynamics problems 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Alexander V. Idesman 《Computational Mechanics》2007,40(2):261-279
A new high-order accurate time-continuous Galerkin (TCG) method for elastodynamics is suggested. The accuracy of the new implicit
TCG method is increased by a factor of two in comparison to that of the standard TCG method and is one order higher than the
accuracy of the standard time-discontinuous Galerkin (TDG) method at the same number of degrees of freedom. The new method
is unconditionally stable and has controllable numerical dissipation at high frequencies. An iterative predictor/multi-corrector
solver that includes the factorization of the effective mass matrix of the same dimension as that of the mass matrix for the
second-order methods is developed for the new TCG method. A new strategy combining numerical methods with small and large
numerical dissipation is developed for elastodynamics. Simple numerical tests show a significant reduction in the computation
time (by 5–25 times) for the new TCG method in comparison to that for second-order methods, and the suppression of spurious
high-frequency oscillations. 相似文献
234.
235.
Sangho Kim Young-Roc Im Sunghak Lee Hu-Chul Lee Sung-Joon Kim Jun Hwa Hong 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(7):2027-2037
This study is concerned with the effects of alloying elements on fracture toughness in the transition temperature region of
base metals and heat-affected zones (HAZs) of Mn-Mo-Ni low-alloy steels. Three kinds of steels whose compositions were varied
from the composition specification of SA 508 steel (grade 3) were fabricated by vacuum-induction melting and heat treatment,
and their fracture toughness was examined using an ASTM E1921 standard test method. In the steels that have decreased C and
increased Mo and Ni content, the number of fine M2C carbides was greatly increased and the number of coarse M3C carbides was decreased, thereby leading to the simultaneous improvement of tensile properties and fracture toughness. Brittle
martensite-austenite (M-A) constituents were also formed in these steels during cooling, but did not deteriorate fracture
toughness because they were decomposed to ferrite and fine carbides after tempering. Their simulated HAZs also had sufficient
impact toughness after postweld heat treatment. These findings indicated that the reduction in C content to inhibit the formation
of coarse cementite and to improve toughness and the increase in Mo and Ni to prevent the reduction in hardenability and to
precipitate fine M2C carbides were useful ways to improve simultaneously the tensile and fracture properties of the HAZs as well as the base
metals. 相似文献
236.
This article proposes an approach for investigating the exponential stability of a nonlinear
interval dynamical system with the nonlinearity of a quadratic type on the basis of the Lyapunov’s direct method. It also
constructs an inner estimate of the attraction domain to the origin for the system under consideration. 相似文献
237.
Stock market forecasting has been a challenging financial research topic for decades. In the literature, there are numerous
results based on point methods. However, poor forecasting quality has been a continuous problem. Motivated by the fact that
financial data varies within intervals, we apply interval methods on a well known stock pricing model [3] to predict stock
market variability as intervals. Empirical results obtained with a few different approaches in this paper consistently suggest
that interval forecasts have better overall quality than traditional point forecasts. 相似文献
238.
G. Heiberg Ch -A. Gandin H. Goerner L. Arnberg 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(9):2981-2991
Hypoeutectic aluminum silicon alloys without and with additions of magnesium, copper, iron, and strontium have been cast in
a mold, giving directional solidification from a chill. Detailed temperature measurements have been carried out. Solidification
modeling based on front tracking of the microstructure growth fronts allowed identification of the time and temperature at
which the dendrite tips and the first eutectic pass the thermocouples. The undercooling, growth rate, and thermal gradients
at the dendritic and eutectic growth fronts were derived. The effect of varying thermal parameters and alloy compositions
on the microstructure was investigated. Compared to the binary alloy, a coarser eutectic was observed in the alloys with magnesium,
iron, and/or copper. The coarsening is explained as a result of the transition from a eutectic forming at one specific temperature,
to a eutectic forming over a temperature range. The former is likely to grow as a plane front, whereas the latter is likely
to form an interdendritic eutectic mushy zone. 相似文献
239.
Summary Well-defined water-soluble poly(styrenesulfonate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b- poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS-b-PEG-b-PSS) triblock
copolymers with narrow molecular weight distribution (1.29 < Mw/Mn < 1.36) were synthesized in aqueous solution at 70 oC via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The complex formed by the PSS-b-PEG-b-PSS triblock
copolymer coordinated with aluminum ion was investigated with turbidimetry, dynamic light scattering (DSL), zeta-potential,
and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The aggregation formation was based on the neutralization of the SO3- groups in the PSS blocks with Al3+ ions. The appearance, size and stability of the PSS-b-PEG-b-PSS/Al3+ aggregates were controlled by varying the PSS block length and degree of neutralization (DN). At DN = 0.33, where the PSS-b-PEG-b-PSS
copolymer was completely neutralized with Al3+, the aggregate size increased with increasing PSS block length. The transition from the shrinking coil of small size to the
interchain aggregates of large size was found at DN of about 0.33. 相似文献
240.
Modellierung in der Lehre an Hochschulen: Thesen und Erfahrungen 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Martin Glinz 《Informatik-Spektrum》2008,31(5):425-434
Zusammenfassung Nicht erst seit Modellierung zum Modewort geworden ist, ist Modellierung ein wichtiges Thema in der Informatikausbildung.
Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet in zw?lf Thesen das Warum, Was, Wie viel, Wo, Wann und Wie von Modellierung in der Lehre im Rahmen
informatikbezogener Studieng?nge. Die Thesen basieren auf der Erfahrung des Verfassers mit einer seit über zehn Jahren gehaltenen
Modellierungsvorlesung an der Universit?t Zürich sowie dem Gedankenaustausch mit anderen Hochschullehrerinnen und -lehrern
im Rahmen der GI-Workshopreihe ,,Modellierung“. Zus?tzlich liefert eine Befragung von Absolventinnen und Absolventen an der
Universit?t Zürich empirische Evidenz für eine Reihe der Thesen. 相似文献