澳大利亚越野轮胎起重机市场

在澳大利亚资源开发的热潮中．各家起重机租赁公司争先恐后地购买越野轮眙起重机。     

Accuracy of formulae for calculating left ventricular volumes of the equine heart

Echocardiography may be an accurate method of measuring left ventricular (LV) volumes and mass of the horse's heart. If so, studies of the heart size and hypertrophy would be possible. This study evaluated geometric models of the external and internal LV shapes, to determine which could be applied to echocardiographic measurements. We preserved 30 horses' hearts and measured their dimensions and cross sectional areas. These measurements were entered into seven formulae representing different geometric models of the ventricle and its chamber. We derived a correction factor to estimate the long axis as a fixed proportion of the external diameter, so that volumes could be determined from an M-mode or a cross sectional echocardiogram. Statistical analysis of the regressions of known volumes against calculated volumes measured by water displacement, demonstrated that the ellipsoid formula using cross sectional areas was very accurate in representing the external shape of the left ventricle (slope = 1.01 r2 = 96.3) and its chamber (slope = 0.83, r2 = 94.3). Myocardial volume, measured by subtracting internal (chamber) volume from external volume, was also calculated accurately (slope = 1.01, r2 = 96.5). The ellipsoid formula using directly measured diameter was only slightly less accurate. LV mass could be calculated by applying the specific gravity of equine myocardium, 1.05, to the myocardial volume. Formulae recommended for evaluating are, with M-mode echocardiography: [equation: see text] and with 2D echocardiography [equation: see text] where De is the external diameter, Di is the internal diameter, Ae the external area and Ai the internal area.     

Compensation for decreased expression of B7 molecules on Leishmania infantum-infected canine macrophages results in restoration of parasite-specific T-cell proliferation and gamma interferon production

Infection of humans and dogs by Leishmania infantum may result in visceral leishmaniasis, which is characterized by impaired T-cell-mediated immune responses to parasite antigens. Dogs are natural hosts of Leishmania parasites and play an important role in the transmission of the parasites to humans. In an effort to characterize the immune response in dogs infected with this intracellular pathogen, we examined how infection with L. infantum affects canine macrophages and the consequences for T-cell activation in vitro. We showed that the proliferation of T-cell lines to cognate antigen decreases to background levels when infected autologous monocyte-derived macrophages are used as antigen-presenting cells (APC). The observed reduction of antigen-specific T-cell proliferation was shown to be dependent on the parasite load and to require cell-to-cell interaction of T cells with the infected APC. In addition, we observed a decreased expression of costimulatory B7 molecules on infected monocyte-derived macrophages. The expression of other surface molecules involved in T-cell activation, such as major histocompatibility complex class I and class II, on these cells did not change upon infection, whereas the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 was marginally increased. Compensation for the decreased expression of B7 molecules by the addition of B7-transfected cells resulted in the restoration of cell proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by a Leishmania-specific T-cell line. These results showed that for the activation of parasite-specific canine T cells producing IFN-gamma, which are most likely involved in protective immunity, sufficient expression of B7 molecules on infected macrophages is required. Provision of costimulatory molecules may be an approach for immunotherapy of leishmaniaisis as well as for vaccine development.     

Conservative surgical therapy for penile and urethral carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: Invasive penile and urethral tumors are traditionally treated with aggressive excision that requires involved organ and adjacent organ sacrifice. An alternative approach seeks to completely excise the tumor with adequate margins while preserving form and function of the organ. We present 6 patients who underwent such organ-sparing surgery. METHODS: Six selected cases (4 penile and 2 urethral) are presented with operative photographs and pertinent data. RESULTS: Three distal tumors of the penis were treated with excision limited to the glans with histopathologic findings of verrucous carcinoma, melanoma, and angiosarcoma. One patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the distal shaft refused partial penectomy and underwent a local wedge resection. A patient with locally advanced bulbourethral transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) refused cystourethrectomy and underwent an anterior urethrectomy and perineal urethrostomy. A 48-year-old woman with an adenocarcinoma contained in a very distal urethral diverticulum underwent simple diverticulectomy and excision of distal urethra. Postoperative voiding and sexual function were well preserved. Follow-up was 12 to 48 months. The patient with angiosarcoma died of lung metastases at 48 months with no local disease, and the patient with bulbourethral TCC developed pelvic disease at 12 months with no local recurrence and died of metastases at 25 months. CONCLUSIONS: Organ-sparing surgery is appropriate in selected patients on the basis of stage and location, high risk of distant failure, and patient disposition. Close follow-up is necessary. Comanagement with reconstructive and oncologic specialists optimizes results and outcomes.     

Children's intention-cue detection as a function of maternal social behavior: Pathways to social rejection.

This study examined the role of maternal social behavior in children's behavioral reactions to provocation. Popular and rejected 1st graders and their mothers independently completed an intention-cue detection task. Mothers also completed a questionnaire assessing if their responses to their child were based on the child's intent. A moderate relation within the mother–child dyad was noted for all measures. Rejected children and their mothers reported more aggressive behavioral responses to nonhostile and ambiguous provocations than did popular children and their mothers. Mothers of popular children provided more prosocial resolutions to provocation than did mothers of rejected children. In addition, mothers of popular children focused more on the intent of their children's actions than did mothers of rejected children, particularly when behavior led to negative outcomes. Implications of these findings in terms of the correlates of social status are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Significance of lymph node sampling in epithelial carcinoma of the ovary

Dendritic cells (DC) are a subset of leukocytes whose major function is antigen presentation. We investigated the phenotype and function of enriched (95-98.5%) rat DC. We show that both spleen and thymus DC express the natural killer cell receptor protein 1 (NKR-P1) as a disulfide linked homodimer of 60 kD. Freshly isolated DC express a low level of NKR-P1, which is strongly upregulated after overnight culture. Spleen, but not thymus DC, were able to kill the NK-sensitive YAC-1 cell line in vitro, and since this killing was Ca2+ dependent, a Fas ligand-Fas interaction was probably not involved. Besides their potent antigen-presenting function, DC can thus be cytotoxic for some tumor targets.