中药白芷中欧前胡素、异欧前胡素体外经皮渗透特性的串联质谱研究

欧前胡素和异欧前胡素属于6,7-呋喃香豆素类化合物,是中药白芷的主要药效成分。为了考察二者的经皮渗透特性,采用改进型的Franz扩散池,以大鼠离体皮肤作为渗透屏障,以高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）法测定白芷提取液的经皮渗透液中欧前胡素和异欧前胡素的含量,据此来考察白芷提取液中欧前胡素和异欧前胡素的经皮渗透特性。实验结果表明,欧前胡素和异欧前胡素在48 h内,单位面积的累积渗透量分别为116.11 μg/cm²和140.84 μg/cm²,累积渗透百分率分别为37.75%和71.86%。欧前胡素的稳态渗透速率为26.5 μg/h•cm²,其体外经皮渗透符合Higuchi方程。本研究阐明了欧前胡素的体外经皮渗透机制,可为白芷作为外用经皮给药制剂的发展提供实验依据和理论基础。     

高频微锻造对激光熔覆CoNiCrWC复合涂层开裂行为的影响

选用5kW横流CWCO2激光器,以熔覆CoNiCrWC复合涂层为研究,通过自制的微锻造机构,在激光熔覆的同时进行高频微锻造作用熔覆层。利用金相显微镜观察涂层裂纹形貌,SEM观察微锻造对激光熔凝层表面组织及开裂行为的影响。结果表明:高频微锻造可使激光熔覆表面合金层产生塑性变形,激光熔覆层特有的明显而规则枝状结晶组织被锻碎,激光熔覆层的开裂行为明显好转。     

Microstructure and Phase Behavior of Cationic Gemini/Anionic Polyelectrolyte/Water Ternary System

The microstructure of cationic gemini surfactant 1,6-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium) hexane dibromide [C12H25(CH3)2N-(CH2)6-N(CH3)2C12H25×2Br] (12-6-12×2Br-) and oppositely charged polyelectrolyte poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) (NaPA) in aqueous solution has been studied by using fluorescence, conductivity measurement, freeze-etching and TEM. The data obtained from fluorescence and conductivity measurement show that micelle-like or complex can form between the gemini surfactant (12-6-12×2Br-) and polyelectrolyte NaPA due to the static electric interaction and hydrophobic forces. Through freeze-etching and TEM, the microstructure of the mixture solution has been studied, which is consistent with the result from micropolarity. Comparing the fluorescence spectrum of system of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and NaPA with that of system of gemini surfactant (12-6-12×2Br-) and NaPA, it can be found that the interaction between gemini surfactant (12-6-12×2Br-) and NaPA is stronger than that between DTAB and NaPA. And the phase behavior of (12-6-12×2Br-) and NaPA in aqueous solution has also been detected. It can be shown that the precipitate will transform into gel in higher NaPA concentration.     

高效导向筛板在26万t/a PVC高/低沸塔精馏中的应用

介绍了大通量导向筛板在氯乙烯精馏技术改造中的应用,阐述了其结构特点,研究了其操作性能。用先进的化工过程模拟软件对改造方案进行了计算机模拟与优化,在优化方案的基础上完成了技改。结果表明,大通量导向筛板和原传统塔板相比,生产能力、分离效率明显提高,能耗显著降低,增加经济效益500万元/a。     

基于多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解的齿轮故障信号阶比分析

针对变转速齿轮箱故障振动信号调制边频带难以识别的问题,提出一种基于多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解的阶比分析方法.该方法先采用基于多尺度线调频基的稀疏信号分解方法对齿轮箱振动信号进行分解,提取齿轮的啮合分量与调制边频分量,由啮合分量的时频分布曲线得到瞬时转频估计,再基于获得的瞬时转频对啮合分量与调制边频分量之和进行等角度重采样,将非平稳的分量信号转化为平稳信号,对重采样后的信号进行阶比分析,诊断齿轮故障.与传统的直接对齿轮箱故障振动信号进行阶比分析的方法比较,结果表明,提出的基于多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解的阶比分析方法抗噪性强,调制边频带识别效果好.仿真算例与应用实例验证了本方法的有效性.     

冷却塔专用新型双级贯流式水轮机的转轮直径优化

基于连续方程、动量方程和湍流方程的k-ε模型,对冷却塔专用的贯流式水轮机进行了多转轮直径尺寸下二维定常数值模拟,获得了流场的速度、压力分布变化规律,并且对5种尺寸下的数值模拟结果进行比较分析,从而确定了一个效率优先目标下的最终转轮直径方案.     

Corrosion behavior of NiCrFe Alloy 600 in high temperature, hydrogenated water

The corrosion behavior of Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) is investigated in hydrogenated water at 260 °C. The corrosion kinetics are observed to be parabolic, the parabolic rate constant being determined by chemical descaling to be 0.055 mg dm⁻² h^−1/2. A combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, supplemented by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, are used to identify the oxide phases present (i.e., spinel) and to characterize their morphology and thickness. Two oxide layers are identified: an outer, ferrite-rich layer and an inner, chromite-rich layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with argon ion milling and target factor analysis is applied to determine spinel stoichiometry; the inner layer is (Ni_0.7Fe_0.3)(Fe_0.3Cr_0.7)₂O₄, while the outer layer is (Ni_0.9Fe_0.1)(Fe_0.85Cr_0.15)₂O₄. The distribution of trivalent iron and chromium cations in the inner and outer oxide layers is essentially the same as that found previously in stainless steel corrosion oxides, thus confirming their invariant nature as solvi in the immiscible spinel binary Fe₃O₄-FeCr₂O₄ (or NiFe₂O₄-NiCr₂O₄). Although oxidation occurred non-selectively, excess quantities of nickel(II) oxide were not found. Instead, the excess nickel was accounted for as recrystallized nickel metal in the inner layer, as additional nickel ferrite in the outer layer, formed by pickup of iron ions from the aqueous phase, and by selective release to the aqueous phase.     

Zinc treatment effects on corrosion behavior of Alloy 600 in high temperature, hydrogenated water

Trace levels of soluble zinc(II) ions (30 ppb) maintained in mildly alkaline, hydrogenated water at 260 °C were found to reduce the corrosion rate of Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) by about 40% relative to a non-zinc baseline test [S.E. Ziemniak, M. Hanson, Corros. Sci., in press, doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2005.01.006]. Characterizations of the corrosion oxide layer via SEM/TEM and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of a chromite-rich oxide phase and recrystallized nickel. The oxide crystals had an approximate surface density of 3500 μm⁻² and an average size of 11 ± 5 nm. Application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with argon ion milling, followed by target factor analyses, permitted speciated composition versus depth profiles to be obtained. Numerical integration of the profiles revealed that: (1) alloy oxidation occurred non-selectively and (2) zinc(II) ions were incorporated into the chromite-rich spinel: (Zn_0.55Ni_0.3Fe_0.15)(Fe_0.25Cr_0.75)₂O₄. Spinel stoichiometry places the trivalent ion composition in the single phase oxide region, consistent with the absence of the usual outer, ferrite-rich solvus layer. By comparison with compositions of the chromite-rich spinel obtained in the non-zinc baseline test, it is hypothesized that zinc(II) ion incorporation was controlled by the equilibrium for

0.55Zn²⁺(aq)+(Ni_0.7Fe_0.3)(Fe_0.3Cr_0.7)₂O₄(s)?0.40Ni²⁺(aq)+0.15Fe²⁺(aq)+(Zn_0.55Ni_0.3Fe_0.15)(Fe_0.3Cr_0.7)₂O₄(s)     

GTAW填丝增材制造熔池尾部固液分界点跟踪算法

针对GTAW填丝增材制造熔池尾部固液分界点检测难题,基于熔池液态边缘波动大,固态成形金属边缘波动小的特性,提出一种连续图像采集处理的熔池尾部固液分界点跟踪算法. 采用去噪、高斯滤波、边缘检测和阈值分割等算法预处理熔池尾部图像,根据连续图像熔池尾部边缘像素点坐标变化,计算其差异系数,通过多项式函数拟合像素点差异系数曲线,并求取其一阶导数,据此判定差异系数曲线折点,确定熔池尾部固液分界点. 结果表明,该算法有效地实现了GTAW填丝增材制造熔池尾部固液分界点的实时跟踪,算法简易、高效,具有良好的抗干扰能力.     

电磁屏蔽涂料用复合型导电填料研究进展

回顾了电磁屏蔽涂料用复合导电填料的现状和应用,并对比了各种类型复合导电填料的优缺点,重点阐述了复合碳纤维用作导电填料的优缺点及其应用。针对目前该类型填料高反射低吸收、分散性和亲和性等方面的不足,提出了解决方案。最后分析了复合型导电填料设计的影响因素。