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111.
A computationally efficient discrete Backus-Gilbert (BG) method is derived that is appropriate for resolution-matching applications using oversampled data. The method builds upon existing BG methods and approximation techniques to create a modified set of BG coefficients. The method in its current form is restricted to a resolution-only minimization constraint, but in the future could be extended to use a simultaneous noise minimization constraint using a generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) approach. A theoretical one-dimensional intercomparison is performed using a hypothetical sensor configuration. A comparison of the discrete BG method with a nondiscrete BG method shows that the new approach can be 250% more efficient while maintaining similar accuracies. In addition, an SVD approximation increases the computational efficiencies an additional 43%-106%, depending upon the scene. Several quadrature methods were also tested. The results suggest that accuracy improvements are possible using customized quadrature in regions containing known physical data discontinuities (such as along coastlines in microwave imagery data). The ability to recompute the modified BG coefficients dynamically at lower computational cost makes this work applicable toward applications in which noise may vary, or where data observations are not available consistently (e.g. in radio frequency interference contaminated environments). 相似文献
112.
Beynon M.J. Jones L. Holt C.A. 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part A, Systems and humans : a publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society》2006,36(1):173-186
In this paper, a novel object classification method is introduced and developed within a biomechanical study of human knee function in which subjects are classified to one of two groups: subjects with osteoarthritic (OA) and normal (NL) knee function. Knee-function characteristics are collected using a three-dimensional motion-analysis technique. The classification method transforms these characteristics into sets of three belief values: a level of belief that a subject has OA knee function, a level of belief that a subject has NL knee function, and an associated level of uncertainty. The evidence from each characteristic is then combined into a final set of belief values, which is used to classify subjects. The final belief values are subsequently represented on a simplex plot, which enables the classification of a subject to be represented visually. The control parameters, which are intrinsic to the classification method, can be chosen by an expert or by an optimization approach. Using a leave-one-out cross-validation approach, the classification accuracy of the proposed method is shown to compare favorably with that of a well-established classifier-linear discriminant analysis. Overall, this study introduces a visual tool that can be used to support orthopaedic surgeons when making clinical decisions. 相似文献
113.
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many regions of the world. B. pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of invading eukaryotic cells. We used Tn5-OT182 mutagenesis to generate mutants deficient in the ability to invade a human type II pneumocyte cell line (A549 cells). One of these mutants, AJ1D8, exhibited approximately 10% of the ability of the parental strain, 1026b, to invade A549 cells. There was no difference in the abilities of 1026b and AJ1D8 to resist killing by RAW macrophages or the human defensin HNP-1. The nucleotide sequence flanking the Tn5-OT182 integration in AJ1D8 was determined, and two open reading frames were identified. The predicted proteins shared considerable homology with two-component regulatory systems involved in the regulation of heavy-metal resistance in other organisms. AJ1D8 was 16-fold more sensitive to Cd2+ and twofold more sensitive to Zn2+ than was 1026b but was not sensitive to any of the other heavy metals examined. The B. pseudomallei two-component regulatory system, termed irlRS, complemented the invasion-deficient and heavy-metal-sensitive phenotype of AJ1D8 in trans. There was no significant difference between the virulence of AJ1D8 and that of 1026b in infant diabetic rats and Syrian hamsters, suggesting that the irlRS locus is probably not a virulence determinant in these animal models of acute B. pseudomallei infection. 相似文献
114.
Pre-clerking of all patients undergoing elective general surgical operations was introduced at our hospital in an attempt to reduce an unacceptably high operation cancellation rate. A prospective audit has been performed on the effect of this policy on the cancellation rate. Before the introduction of pre-clerking there was a marked seasonal variation in the number of patients who failed to attend for surgery, which could be explained by absence on holiday. This seasonal variation disappeared after the start of pre-clerking clinics, but there has been no reduction in the number of cancellations for medical reasons. 相似文献
115.
The cytoskeletal components of hamster oocytes, zygotes, and spontaneously activated parthogenotes were examined after immunocytochemical labeling. Microtubules were found only in the anastral, tangentially arranged second meiotic spindle of unfertilized oocytes. Taxol treatment of unfertilized oocytes greatly augmented astral microtubules in both the metaphase II spindle and the cortex. Disruption of the meiotic spindle microtubules with nocodazole resulted in cortical chromosomal scattering. During hamster sperm incorporation and pronuclear formation, no sperm aster was detected in association with the male DNA. Instead, a large overlapping array of microtubules assembled in the cortex. By mitosis, this interphase array disassembled and an anastral metaphase spindle formed. Microtubule and chromatin configurations were also imaged in hamster oocytes injected with human sperm. Astral microtubules were absent from the sperm centrosome. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the hamster oocyte penetration assay, a test commonly used by in vitro fertilization clinics to demonstrate the fertilizing ability of human sperm. We conclude that since hamsters and humans follow different methods of centrosome inheritance, maternal and paternal, respectively, the hamster may be an inappropriate model for exploring microtubule and centrosomal defects in humans or for assaying postinsemination forms of human male fertility defects. 相似文献
116.
AP West PJ Bjorkman DA Dougherty HA Lester 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,272(41):25468-25473
To provide material suitable for structural studies of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, we have expressed and purified the NH2-terminal extracellular domain of the mouse muscle alpha subunit. Several constructs were initially investigated using Xenopus oocytes as a convenient small scale expression system. A fusion protein (alpha210GPI) consisting of the 210 NH2-terminal amino acids of the alpha subunit and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchorage sequence conferred surface alpha-bungarotoxin binding in oocytes. Coexpression of alpha210GPI with an analogous construct made from the delta subunit showed no evidence of heterodimer formation. The alpha210GPI protein was chosen for large scale expression in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. The alpha210GPI protein was cleaved from these cells and purified on an immunoaffinity column. Gel and column chromatography show that the purified protein is processed as expected and exists as a monomer. The purified protein also retains the two distinct, conformation-specific binding sites expected for the correctly folded alpha subunit. Circular dichroism studies of alpha210GPI suggest that this region of the receptor includes considerable beta-sheet secondary structure, with a small proportion of alpha-helix. 相似文献
117.
118.
119.
Investigation of driving performance, vection, postural sway, and simulator sickness in a fixed-based driving simulator 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper reports the results of a pilot study conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between simulator sickness and measures of driver inputs, vection, and postural sway, in a fixed base driving simulator. Seven males and four females performed a series of alternating left and right turns (20 each), with straigth-aways inbetween. The task was designed to promote experiences of circular and linear vection, and associated sway. It was hypothesized that greater driver inputs (i.e., steering wheel and braking activity; deviation from the centerline) would correlate: with reports of vection and measures of postural sway. Ten of the eleven subjects reported moderate sickness, which precluded any statistical comparisons between “sick” and “not sick” however, there was a significant tendency for persons who reported vection to also report sickness. There were no gender differences in reported incidence of vection or sickness, however, males tended to exhibit greater lateral velocity. The next phase of investigation will necessitate reducing the strength of the stimulus (i.e., require less turns) to increase variability of sickness scores amongst subjects and permit comparisons between “sick” and “not sick.” Measurement considerations include increasing the sensitivity of vection ratings, and examination of the timecourse for the development of postural sway. 相似文献
120.