Potentiation of 5-fluorouracil-leucovorin activity by alpha2a-interferon in colon adenocarcinoma xenografts

The present study examined the effect of received support on adjustment by foreign students, with data from 33 Chinese students who completed questionnaires at three occasions: three months (the first period), nine months (the second period), and one year and nine months (the third period) after they arrived in Japan. The Social Support Scale for Chinese Students in Japan (Jou, 1993a) and items for measurement of adjustment were used in the questionnaires. Analysis of Variance results revealed no differences among the amounts of support received during the three periods, but compared with the first or second, adjustment was better during the third period. Results from path analysis indicated that support in the first period was positively related to adjustment in the first period, the first period adjustment and second period support positively to the second period adjustment, and only the second period adjustment positively to the third period adjustment. Thus, the present study suggests that it is especially necessary to provide more support to foreign students during the critical early period in order to facilitate their adjustment.     

Planning for future uncertainties in electric power generation: ananalysis of transitional strategies for reduction of carbon and sulfuremissions

The authors discuss strategies for the US electric utility industry for reduction of both acid rain producing and global warming gases. The EPRI electric generation expansion analysis system (EGEAS) utility optimization/simulation modeling structure and the EPRI developed regional utilities were used. The focus is on the northeast and east central regions of the US. Strategies identified are fuel switching (predominantly between coal and natural gas), mandated emission limits, and a carbon tax. The overall conclusions are that conservation will always benefit carbon emissions but may not reduce acid rain emissions by the offsetting forces of improved performance of new plant as opposed to reduced overall consumption of final product. Results of the study are highly utility and regional demand specific     

Architectural styles, design patterns, and objects

Architectural styles, object-oriented design and design patterns all hold promise as approaches that simplify software design and reuse by capturing and exploiting system design knowledge. This article explores the capabilities and roles of the various approaches, their strengths and their limitations     

An upper bound on the time complexity of iterative-deepening-A*

This paper establishes an upper bound on the time complexity of iterative-deepening-A^* (IDA^*) in terms of the number of states that are surely-expanded by A^* during a state space tree search. It is shown that given an admissible evaluation function, IDA^* surely-expands in the worst caseN(N+1)/2 states, whereN is the number of states that are surely-expanded by A^*. The conditions that give rise to the worst case performance of IDA^* on any state space tree are described. Worst case examples are also given for uniform and non-uniform state space trees.This work was supported in part by the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Grant NSERC3599.     

Validation of a measure of excessive drinking: frequency per year that BAL exceeds 0.08%

Although self-report data are generally evaluated as reliable, validity estimates for self-reported drinking behavior are not as favorable. A new method of measurement addressing problems currently associated with the questionable validity of self-report drinking information is introduced. Study 1 tests the correspondence between the new measure (occasions per year blood alcohol level exceeded 0.08%), traditional self-report measures, and laboratory alcohol consumption. The novel measure correlated most strongly with volume of alcohol consumed in the laboratory compared to the traditional measures. In Study 2 the novel measure was favored over a traditional measure when discriminating between the presence and absence of problem-drinking symptoms.     

A comparison of orocaecal transit times assessed by the breath hydrogen test and the sulphasalazine/sulphapyridine method in healthy beagle dogs

Orocaecal transit time (OCTT) was assessed in six healthy beagles by means of the breath hydrogen test (BH2T) and the sulphasalazine/sulphapyridine method (SLZ) after the administration of a test meal of canned food mixed with sulphasalazine. Orocaecal transit time was defined as the time taken from the oral administration of the test meal to the time when the first portion of the meal reached the colon. In five of the dogs the OCTTs assessed by the BH2T were shorter than those measured by the SLZ method by 30, 15, 45, 30 and 45 minutes. However, the median OCTT assessed by the BH2T (135 minutes, range 120 to 195 minutes) was not significantly different from that measured by the SLZ (180 minutes, range 150 to 210 minutes) and was highly correlated with it (r = 0.94, P = 0.016). The sixth dog maintained baseline hydrogen and plasma sulphapyridine readings throughout the monitoring period and the OCTT could not be measured.     

Studies on the time-course of ethanol''s acute effects on skeletal muscle protein synthesis: comparison with acute changes in proteolytic activity

The complexity of the spot patterns of two-dimensional electrophoresis gels made it necessary to use image processing techniques to analyze the gels. An important issue in the analysis is the detection and quantification of the protein spots. In this paper we describe a new technique to segment and model the different spots. For the segmentation of a gel into its different spot regions we apply a watershed technique, which is robust and efficient. For the quantification of the spots, a new spot model is constructed, based on diffusion principles. Besides the advantage of having a physical interpretation, the model is demonstrated to be superior to the commonly used Gaussian models.