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81.
SS Marennikova PV Gashnikov OA Zhukova EI Riabchikova VV Strel''tsov OI Riazankina EV Chekunova NN Ianova SN Shchelkunov 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,(4):6-10
The study included 138 patients operated on for endo-extracellular pituitary adenomas which extend both intracranially and into the structures of the base of the skull. Operations via transcranial and transsphenoidal access to various tumor sites were performed in 38 patients (a main group), while 100 patients (a control group) underwent one of these operations. Two-stage operations, followed by removal of the suprasellar and basal regions of a tumor, are expedient for enhancing the efficiency of surgical treatment, reducing the incidence of complications associated with traumatic attempts at removing tumor parts hard-to-reach by transcranial or transsphenoidal approaches, as well as at reducing the number of relapses. At the first stage of surgical treatment it is advisable to make an intervention via transcranial access especially in cases of complex configuration of the suprasellar part of a tumor. The recommended interval between transcranial and transsphenoidal surgeries is 3-5 months. Two-stage surgical treatment does not lead to significant structural changes and to the increased number of complications, and to higher mortality rates as compared to one-stage surgery (transcranial or transsphenoidal surgeries alone). 相似文献
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The short latency stretch-reflex component (M1) and its interactions with muscle stiffness and with muscle performance were investigated before and after long-term stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise. Dramatic fatigue induced reduction in maximal SSC performance capability, and electromyographic activity was accompanied by a consistent decrease in the M1 reflex component and eccentric peak stiffness of the muscle. It can be suggested, therefore, that the decreased muscle performance is not simply a direct effect of central or peripheral fatigue, but is partly due to impairment of the ability to utilize stiffness-related elastic energy. 相似文献
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The dynamics of low-density flows is governed by the Boltzmann equation of the kinetic theory of gases. This is a nonlinear
integro-differential equation and, in general, numerical methods must be used to obtain its solution. The present paper, after
a brief review of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods due to Bird, and Belotserkovskii and Yanitskii, studies the details of theDSMC method of Deshpande for mono as well as multicomponent gases. The present method is a statistical particle-in-cell method
and is based upon the Kac-Prigogine master equation which reduces to the Boltzmann equation under the hypothesis of molecular
chaos. The proposed Markoff model simulating the collisions uses a Poisson distribution for the number of collisions allowed
in cells into which the physical space is divided. The model is then extended to a binary mixture of gases and it is shown
that it is necessary to perform the collisions in a certain sequence to obtain unbiased simulation.
A part of the material in this paper was presented at the Minisymposium 2 of the ICIAM 87 held in Paris during June 29-July
3, 1987. 相似文献
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1. The inhibition of the ADP-stimulated respiration of potato mitochondria by carboxyatractyloside is relieved by high concentration of ADP or by the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP). Atractyloside is a much less potent inhibitor than carboxyatractyloside. The inhibition of the ADP-stimulated respiration required about 60-times more atractyloside than carboxyatractyloside. 2. [35S]carboxyatractyloside and [3H]bongkrekic acid bind to potato mitochondria with high affinity (Kd = 10 to 20 nM, n=0.6-0.7 nmol per mg protein). Added ADP competes with carboxyatractyloside for binding; on the contrary ADP increases the amount of bound bongkrekic acid. [3H]atractyloside binds to potato mitochondria with a much lower affinity (Kd=0.45 muM) than carboxyatractyloside or bongkrekic acid. 3. Bound [3H]atractyloside is displaced by ADP, carboxyatractyloside and bongkrekic acid. The displacement of bound [35S]carboxyatractyloside by bongkrekic acid and of bound [3H]bongkrekic acid by carboxyatractyloside is markedly increased by ADP. 4. Bongkrekic acid competes with [35S]carboxyatractyloside for binding. Addition of a small concentration of ADP considerably enhances the inhibitory effect of bongkrekic acid on [35S]carboxyatractyloside binding. 5. The adenine nucleotide content of potato mitochondria is of the order of 1 nmol per mg protein. ADP transport in potato mitochondria is inhibited by atractyloside 30- to 40-times less efficiently than by carboxyatractyloside. 相似文献
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PV in Japan: 《Refocus》2002,3(6):22
Japan currently imports nearly 80% of its primary energy. Almost half of this comes from politically unstable parts of the world. The country is increasingly looking for alternative sources of energy to improve energy security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Towards this end, Japan is currently the world's leader when it comes to PV manufacturing capability and installed capacity. With a cumulative total of 300MW of installed PV, we take a closer look at the current developments that are driving this growth in the country. 相似文献