Trypsiligase-Catalyzed Labeling of Proteins on Living Cells

Fluorescent fusion proteins are powerful tools for studying biological processes in living cells, but universal application is limited due to the voluminous size of those tags, which might have an impact on the folding, localization or even the biological function of the target protein. The designed biocatalyst trypsiligase enables site-directed linkage of small-sized fluorescence dyes on the N terminus of integral target proteins located in the outer membrane of living cells through a stable native peptide bond. The function of the approach was tested by using the examples of covalent derivatization of the transmembrane proteins CD147 as well as the EGF receptor, both presented on human HeLa cells. Specific trypsiligase recognition of the site of linkage was mediated by the dipeptide sequence Arg-His added to the proteins’ native N termini, pointing outside the cell membrane. The labeling procedure takes only about 5 minutes, as demonstrated for couplings of the fluorescence dye tetramethyl rhodamine and the affinity label biotin as well.     

Deliberately Losing Control of C−H Activation Processes in the Design of Small-Molecule-Fragment Arrays Targeting Peroxisomal Metabolism

Combined photochemical arylation, “nuisance effect” (S_NAr) reaction sequences have been employed in the design of small arrays for immediate deployment in medium-throughput X-ray protein–ligand structure determination. Reactions were deliberately allowed to run “out of control” in terms of selectivity; for example the ortho-arylation of 2-phenylpyridine gave five products resulting from mono- and bisarylations combined with S_NAr processes. As a result, a number of crystallographic hits against NUDT7, a key peroxisomal CoA ester hydrolase, have been identified.     

The function of the reproductive system in x-ray-irradiated male rats after the transplantation of a culture of testicular cells from newborn piglets

The effect exerted by transplantation of the 5 day culture of testicles from newly born piglets on the hypogonadal state of mature X-ray irradiated (3 Gy) rats was studied. It has been found that a month after transplantation (two months after irradiation) the hypogonadal state disappeared for a while, which is confirmed by normalization of the weight of seminal vesicles, content of testosterone and biologically active lutropine, restoration of the reproductive function of rats. No significant changes in steroidogenesis activity have been found, which proves a substituent character of transplantation. The effect disappears three months later but certain restoration of the content of nucleic acids in the testicles is observed.     

Anesthetic considerations in the child with Gaucher disease

Alpidem, an imidazopyridine that acts at the gamma-aminobutyric acid/benzodiazepine receptor complex, has been reported to be an effective anxiolytic with a more favorable side effect profile than benzodiazepines. The effect of alpidem was investigated in an 8-week, open, clinical trial in 13 patients with panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. Three patients were responders (much improved or very much improved), five patients were nonresponders, and five patients dropped out after less than 6 weeks of treatment. Significant improvement was seen in the sample as a whole for spontaneous panic attacks, phobic avoidance, and anticipatory anxiety. Most improvement occurred during the first 4 weeks of treatment, and responders had milder panic disorder at baseline. Adverse effects were generally mild. After 8 weeks of treatment, taper of medication over 2 weeks occurred without significant worsening of panic disorder symptoms. The efficacy of alpidem in the treatment of panic disorder remains uncertain and requires assessment in a controlled trial.     

Purification and characterization of an endopeptidase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B14

An intracellular endopeptidase was purified from cell-free extracts of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B14 by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, hydroxyapatite chromatography, second anion exchange chromatography on Mono-Q, and metal-chelating affinity chromatography. The endopeptidase was a monomer with a molecular mass of approximately 70 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. Various oligopeptides (e.g. Met-enkephalin, bradykinin) were hydrolysed by the endopeptidase. Exopeptidase activity and cleavage of dipeptides or tripeptides was not observed. The K_M value for the cleavage of Metenkephalin was 1.2 mM. Temperature and pH optima were 47 °C and pH 7.7, respectively. The endopeptidase was inhibited by the classical agents for metal-dependent (EDTA) and serine (DFP) enzymes. Activity was increased by Co²⁺ and Mg²⁺, no effect was observed with Ca²⁺. After inhibition with EDTA, enzyme activity could be restored fully by Co²⁺. Activity was inhibited by Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Hg²⁺. The N-terminal sequence of the endopeptidase was determined as: H₂N-Val-Arg-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gly-Asp-Thr-Thr-Val-0H.     

Performance-Analyse und -Optimierung in der Softwareentwicklung

Nicht-funktionale Anforderungen an ein Softwaresystem beschreiben Aspekte, die nicht direkt die Funktionalit?t, wie sie der Benutzer sieht, betreffen.