基准物最好具有较大摩尔质量的两种求证方法

对基准物“最好具有较大当量”更改为“最好具有较大摩尔质量”是否完全等效及当前所提出的两种求证方法进行了论证、比较。指出两法得到相同结论实属巧合之例;另举例说明在比较基准物摩尔质量大小以说明称量误差大小时,只有选用完全一致的比较标准才能使基准物“最好具有较大当量”或“最好具有较大摩尔质量”的两提法完全等效,并适用于任何情况。     

三峡大坝应用碾压混凝土的研究

三峡工程具有工程量大、工期长的特点,为加快施工进度、缩短工期、节约水泥用量,拟在大坝的部分部位采用碾压混凝土。根据研究,考虑到坝体结构布置、构造要求、ＲＣＣ施工方法等因素,各坝段采用ＲＣＣ的部位将有所不同,总的采用原则是在坝体多钢筋的大孔口以下和结构布置简单而较规则的部位应用ＲＣＣ,但在基岩面上仍铺设１．０－１．５米厚的常态混凝土垫层,按上述原则,各坝段应用ＲＣＣ混凝土的总量约占大坝总混凝土量的１     

Short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform with Fourier-domain processing

We discuss the semicontinuous short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and the semicontinual wavelet transform (WT) with Fourier-domain processing, which is suitable for optical implementation. We also systematically analyze the selection of the window functions, especially those based on the biorthogonality and the orthogonality constraints for perfect signal reconstruction. We show that one of the best substitutions for the Gaussian function in the Fourier domain is a squared sinusoid function that can form a biorthogonal window function in the time domain. The merit of a biorthogonal window is that it could simplify the inverse STFT and the inverse WT. A couple of optical architectures based on Fourier-domain processing for the STFT and the WT, by which real-time signal processing can be realized, are proposed.     

Coma correction and extension of the focusing geometry of a soft-x-ray monochromator

I show analytically and numerically how to use a varied line-space grating to reduce coma aberration in a soft-x-ray synchrotron radiation monochromator: a plane grating in combination with one or more spherical mirrors arranged in front of the grating and rotated around a fixed axis outside the mirror surface. It seems that the variation extent of groove spacing is too small to be manufactured; thus, a holographic grating of equivalent imaging properties is proposed. Based on the analysis of a focusing equation, I found that, if the plane grating is replaced by a spherical one, the monochromator can also be made free of defocus.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(1-sila-cis-pent-3-enes) substituted with pendant pyridinyl groups

Poly[1-methyl-1-[3-(3-pyridinyl)propyl]-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene], poly[1-phenyl-1-[3-(3-pyridinyl)propyl)-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene], and poly[1-phenyl-1-(4-pyridinyl)-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene] were synthesized by the anionic ring-opening polymerization of 1-methyl-1-[3-(3-pyridinyl)propyl]-1-silacyclopent-3-ene, 1-phenyl-1-[3-(3-pyridinyl)propyl]-1-silacyclopent-3-ene, and 1-phenyl-1-(4-pyridinyl)-1-silacyclopent-3-ene, respectively. These are the first polycarbosilanes which contain heterocyclic pyridine units as side-chain substituents. These polymers were characterized by¹H,¹³C, and²⁹Si NMR as well as by IR and UV spectroscopy. The molecular weight distributions were determined by gel permeation chromatography, glass transition temperatures, by differential seanning calorimetry: (DSC) and thermal behavior, by thermogravimetric analysis. (TGA).     

Properties of Er3+-doped phosphate glasses and glass fibres and efficient infrared to visible upconversion

Some thermomechanical properties such as expansion, transition temperature and high-temperature viscosity of phosphate glasses with different P₂O₅ and BaO compositions have been measured. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of the phosphate glasses with different Er³⁺ doping have also been measured. The Er³⁺ doping concentration with respect to the maximal fluorescence intensity is 0.75 mol %. The attenuation of the fibre at a wavelength of 1.53 m is 12.8 db m^–1. Upconversion of 1.064 m NdYAG laser pulses into intense green 547 and 667 nm light in the 0.75 mol % Er³⁺-doped phosphate glass fibre has been achieved. The output power of the two fluorescence signals of green 547 nm and red 667 nm are 178 and 42 W, respectively, with an upconversion efficiency of 1.78×10^–2% and 4.2×10^–3% respectively.     

大坝变形预测的最优因子长短期记忆网络模型

面对海量的大坝安全监测数据,快速合理地确定大坝变形预测模型的变量因子能够有效提高模型预测的效率和精度。为此,本文提出一种基于最小绝对值收缩和选择算子（least absolute shrinkage and selection operation,LASSO）变量选择和长短期记忆（long short-term memory,LSTM）网络的大坝变形预测模型。首先,通过大坝变形机理分析确定影响大坝变形的相关影响因子集。然后,通过LASSO算法剔除不显著的因子,筛选出最优影响因子作为模型输入变量,并利用LSTM网络建立大坝变形预测模型。最后,以皂市水利枢纽工程的碾压混凝土重力坝为例,对本文方法进行了验证和讨论。结果表明,本文方法具有较高的预测精度,其平均绝对误差（MAE）、均方误差（MSE）与均方根误差（RMSE）均相对较小;与常规预测模型相比,基于LASSO算法的变量选择使模型建立过程更加简单高效,有利于海量监测数据的处理分析。     

基于自校准技术的半球谐振陀螺正交误差的辨识补偿

在静电刚度校正技术的基础上,结合自校准算法,该文提出了一种实时辨识补偿正交误差的理论模型,并在两件套平面电极的半球谐振陀螺上进行了理论仿真和实验验证。结果表明,该方法不仅适用于半球谐振陀螺的力平衡和全角两种工作模式,还适用于虚拟进动的情况。此外,该文提出的补偿方法不会影响正交环路的控制精度,且对陀螺检测和驱动电路的增益和相位误差不敏感。     

压电超声共振式风传感器风场闭环解算策略研究

为了能够在复杂环境下实现风速风向的高精度和高稳定性测量,在基于声学共振原理的风传感器系统的基础上,采用闭环控制扫描技术改进了系统的性能指标。采用声学共振的方式,同时对换能器产生的信号进行频率调制和强度调制,实现对超声换能器的线型扫描。频率调制解决了在不同压力、温度等环境因素影响下导致的共振频移的问题,强度调制解决了换能器性能随时间衰减问题,极大地提高了信噪比。实验结果表明,采用闭环控制的方法可以准确测量风速风向。风速测量范围0～50 m/s,风速测量精度为±0.5 m/s(≤15m/s)/±5%(>15 m/s且<35 m/s)/±9%(>35 m/s)。改进后的系统在复杂环境下受环境变化影响小、精度高、稳定性好、抗干扰能力强。