Use of special-purpose bulk activity measures in monitoring raw materials and environmental objects

Mendeleev All-Union Metrology Research Institute. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 73, No. 5, pp. 393–397, November 1992.     

Use of liquid sealants to protect still-waste-containing tanks-settling basins from corrosion

Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftyanoe Mashinostroenie, No. 10, pp. 29–31, October, 1992.     

Ultrafast all-optical switching in GaAlAs integrated interferometer in 1.55 mu m spectral region

The first observation is reported of ultrafast all-optical switching in an integrated asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer, using the nonresonant nonlinearity in Ga/sub 0.82/Al/sub 0.18/As below half the bandgap. A relative switching fraction of more than 80% has been achieved using 330 fs pulses at around 1.55 mu m from a coupled-cavity mode-locked colour centre laser.<>     

TCAD and SPICE modeling help solve ESD protection issues in analog CMOS technology

The number of circuit design iterations due to electrostatic discharge (ESD) failures increases with the complexity of VLSI technologies and their shrinking. In this paper, we show how TCAD and ESD SPICE modeling can be used to solve ESD protection issues in an analog CMOS technology.     

Improved coupled-mode theory for nonlinear directional couplers

An improved coupled-mode equation for nonlinear directional couplers (NLDC) with Kerr-like nonlinear media is proposed. The method is based on the generalized reciprocity relation in which two sets of field solutions satisfying Maxwell's equations are for the NLDC and for the isolated nonlinear waveguide. That leads to a reasonable result that all the coefficients in the coupled-mode equations, including the coupling coefficient, become power dependent. For the NLDC with a self-focusing or self-defocusing nonlinear material, the authors examine how the coupling coefficient, the coupling length, and the guided power depend on the input power in the range of coupling stronger than in previous reports. It is found that the critical power at which the coupling length becomes infinity does not increase as much with the two guides for the case of self-focusing media