一种新的语义对象行为语言

针对人类用自然语言与机器交互所面临的巨大鸿沟,提出了一种基于类自然语言的语义对象行为语言。SOBL是一种宣称式的陈述语言,用于开发数据库驱动的应用,支持复杂的用户交互,主要由一个Semantic Objects^TM的对象关系开发框架所支持。该语言扩展结构化自然语言,携带语义信息,能够面向非程序员使用,降低了软件的开发难度。最后通过一个具体的实例验证了该语言的有效性。     

3D Printable One-Part Carbon Nanotube-Elastomer Ink for Health Monitoring Applications

3D printing of conductive elastomers is a promising route to personalized health monitoring applications due to its flexibility and biocompatibility. Here, a one-part, highly conductive, flexible, stretchable, 3D printable carbon nanotube (CNT)-silicone composite is developed and thoroughly characterized. The one-part nature of the inks: i) enables printing without prior mixing and cures under ambient conditions; ii) allows direct dispensing at ≈100 µm resolution printability on nonpolar and polar substrates; iii) forms both self-supporting and high-aspect-ratio structures, key aspects in additive biomanufacturing that eliminate the need for sacrificial layers; and iv) lends efficient, reproducible, and highly sensitive responses to various tensile and compressive stimuli. The high electrical and thermal conductivity of the CNT-silicone composite is further extended to facilitate use as a flexible and stretchable heating element, with applications in body temperature regulation, water distillation, and dual temperature sensing and Joule heating. Overall, the facile fabrication of this composite points to excellent synergy with direct ink writing and can be used to prepare patient-specific wearable electronics for motion detection and cardiac and respiratory monitoring devices and toward advanced personal health tracking and bionic skin applications.     

Document‐centric XML workflows with fragment digital signatures

The use of digital document management and processing is increasing. Traditional workflows of paper forms are being replaced by electronic workflows of digital documents. These workflows often require multiple signatures to be added to the documents for authorization and/or integrity. We describe examples of digital workflows that illustrate problems with digital signatures: i.e. the use of digital signatures across entire documents results in signatures that can be unnecessarily invalidated by subsequent modification of the document. We propose the use of fragment signatures, which reduce unnecessary invalidation of signatures and enable greater concurrency in workflows. Our approach is document‐centric and does not use a centralized database. We report on an implementation that allows fragment signatures over document fragments as well as the attachment (or embedding) of other documents. This allows collaborative or cooperative editing to occur on parts of a document without disturbing unrelated signatures. We describe the lessons learned from our deployments and offer further ways to embed such signatures into other document types. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cameo: an alternative model of concurrency for Eiffel

We present a new concurrency model for the Eiffel programming language. The model is motivated by describing a number of semantic problems with the leading concurrency model for Eiffel, namely SCOOP. Our alternative model aims to preserve the existing behaviour of sequential programs and libraries wherever possible. Comparison with the SCOOP model is made. The concurrency aspects of the alternative model are presented in CSP along with a model of exceptions. The results show that while the new model provides increased parallelism, this comes with the price of increased overhead due to lock management.     

Attachment, Self-Esteem, Worldviews, and Terror Management: Evidence for a Tripartite Security System.

On the basis of prior work integrating attachment theory and terror management theory, the authors propose a model of a tripartite security system consisting of dynamically interrelated attachment, self-esteem, and worldview processes. Four studies are presented that, combined with existing evidence, support the prediction derived from the model that threats to one component of the security system result in compensatory defensive activation of other components. Further, the authors predicted and found that individual differences in attachment style moderate the defenses. In Studies 1 and 2, attachment threats motivated worldview defense among anxiously attached participants and motivated self-enhancement (especially among avoidant participants), effects similar to those caused by mortality salience. In Studies 3 and 4, a worldview threat and a self-esteem threat caused attachment-related proximity seeking among fearful participants and avoidance of proximity among dismissing participants. The authors' model provides an overarching framework within which to study attachment, self-esteem, and worldviews. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Competitive Delivered Spatial Pricing

This paper contributes to the literature by studying price and production competition between spatially distributed profit maximizing firms. Firms compete by setting delivered prices, planning production, and sending output to each market. Both elastic demand and non-linear production costs are assumed. A non-cooperative game is defined, and its properties are characterized. We find spatial pricing patterns similar to those found by Hoover (1936). Existence and general properties of the Nash price and production equilibrium are shown and sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of an unique price-production-transportation equilibrium are presented. A convergent algorithm is shown to find the equilibrium and is demonstrated with an example.     

天津办公建筑空间设计因素节能分析与优化

为改善天津地区办公建筑空间节能效果,以点式高层办公楼为例,研究空间设计因素对建筑能耗的影响及优化节能设计方案.首先基于案例调研总结其空间设计因素的典型值或值域,建立典型模型;然后选择6项空间设计因素展开分析,包括平面长宽比、建筑朝向、标准层面积、层高、窗墙比、外窗水平遮阳板长度,依次通过正交试验和列表法安排DesignBuilder能耗模拟试验,从而很快地获得优化节能设计方案.模拟试验考虑两种围护结构构造类型,分别代表常规构造和被动房构造.试验结果表明:层高与窗墙比构成建筑能耗的两项重要影响因素,其次为标准层面积、平面长宽比与建筑朝向、外窗水平遮阳板长度;优化节能设计方案中各因素的取值为:平面长宽比2∶1,建筑朝向南向,标准层面积1 024 m~2,层高3.6 m,窗墙比0.3,外窗水平遮阳板长度300 mm.经过试验设计与模拟分析,实现天津地区点式高层办公楼空间节能效果最大化,为该地区办公建筑节能设计提供参考.     

Estimation of sample selection models with two selection mechanisms

This paper focuses on estimating sample selection models with two incidentally truncated outcomes and two corresponding selection mechanisms. The method of estimation is an extension of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithm from Chib (2007) and Chib et al. (2009). Contrary to conventional data augmentation strategies when dealing with missing data, the proposed algorithm augments the posterior with only a small subset of the total missing data caused by sample selection. This results in improved convergence of the MCMC chain and decreased storage costs, while maintaining tractability in the sampling densities. The methods are applied to estimate the effects of residential density on vehicle miles traveled and vehicle holdings in California.     

演化多目标优化中的几何热力学选择

热力学遗传算法(Thermodynamical Genetic Algorithms,TDGAs)借鉴热力学中的自由能极小过程来统一处理多目标优化在逼近性和多样性两方面的任务.为提高TDGA的运行效率和解集分布均匀性,提出了一种几何热力学选择.在该选择中首先定义角度熵通过扇形采样来度量种群逼近方向的多样性.然后利用距离精英定义距离能量来度量种群的逼近程度,避免了耗时的非劣分层操作.此外,引入分量热力学替换规则以较低计算代价驱动种群的几何自由能快速下降.在多目标0/1背包问题上的实验结果表明,几何热力学选择极大地提高了TDGA的运行效率和解集分布均匀性;采用该选择的TDGA算法可生成与NSGA-II在逼近性和分布多样性上性能相当的解,但在运行效率上明显优于NSGA-II.