油气储运科技创新成果收益递进分成评估

油气储运业务的快速发展对科技创新提出更高要求,科学量化科技创新成果转化应用后取得的经济效益,成为激励创新、驱动发展的主要瓶颈与重大命题。借鉴要素分配、分享经济和收益分成理论,立足于油气储运科技创新成果价值贡献与创效方式、技术基本结构级序,建立科技创新成果收益递进分成评估方法。研究表明：（1）油气科技创新成果转化应用取得的总体经济效益是资本、劳动、技术和管理等生产要素协同作用的结果;（2）油气储运科技创新成果的收益分成率是核心参数,由技术要素分成基准值、技术要素收益递进分成基数、技术创新强度系数等关键参数确定;（3）三级技术要素递进分成基数是实现收益递进分成的关键工具;（4）单项技术的分成比例与技术自身创新创效能力、技术阶段等密切相关。实证表明,该方法可有效解决从总体到单一油气储运技术要素经济价值量化问题,为促进油气储运科技创新发展提供支持。     

Surface plasmon resonance-induced Ag-BaTiO3 composites for catalytic performance

Ferroelectric BaTiO₃ was combined with Ag nanoparticles for piezocatalytic and photocatalytic viewpoints. Microstructural characterization (X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy images) revealed that the Ag was successfully bounded with BaTiO₃. X-ray photoelectron spectrum also confirmed the presence of Ag. Further, its performance was examined for dye degradation under visible light (for photocatalysis) and ultrasonication (for piezocatalysis). In both the catalysis processes, there was a significant improvement in Ag-loaded BaTiO₃ sample-based catalytic reactions. Catalytic performance was evaluated for multiple cycles and was found consistent. Scavenger tests were also performed to understand catalytic reactions.     

A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the detection of chlorpyrifos contamination in palm-based fatty acids

Chlorpyrifos is a Malaysian Pesticide Board-approved organophosphate insecticide, which may become concentrated during fractionation. The objective of this project was to develop and validate a method to detect and quantify chlorpyrifos in food-grade fatty acids ingredients, e.g. caprylic-capric acid mixture and oleic acid (OLA) used to synthesize triacylglyceride based food additives and in the cosmetic industry. A selective ion monitoring gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method with a matrix-matched calibration curve calibration was selected. The method involved the direct injection of chlorpyrifos spiked into the fatty acids matrix. The percentage recoveries at spiking levels of 0.5, 0.75, 2.5, and 4.0 μg g⁻¹ of chlorpyrifos in OLA and caprylic-capric acid ranged from 85.7%–101.1% to 97.2%–112%, respectively, with a relative standard deviation of within 11%. The intra-day and inter-day precision were deemed acceptable as indicated by an relative SD value of within 10%. A good linear relationship with a coefficient of correlation >0.99 for the matrix-matched calibration was achieved between 0.5 and 5 μg g⁻¹. The limit of detection and limit of quantification corresponded to 0.5 μg g⁻¹ for OLA and 0.55 μg g⁻¹ for caprylic-capric acid.     

Tribological and corrosion performance of epoxy resin composite coatings reinforced with graphene oxide and fly ash cenospheres

In this work, a novel graphene oxide (GO)-fly ash cenospheres (FACs) hybrid fillers was introduced to improve the wear and corrosive resistance of epoxy resin (ER) composite coatings. The tribological behavior and the corrosion performance of three kinds of coatings (pure ER, GO/ER and GO-FACs/ER coatings) were studied and the reinforced mechanisms of coatings filled by different fillers were analyzed. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the ER coatings were decreased with the addition of GO-FACs hybrids. The scanning electron microscope images showed that the dispersibility and compatibility of GO-FACs hybrids were effectively improved compared with that of GO sheet. The water contact angle examination indicated that the hydrophobicity of the GO-FACs/ER coatings increased. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results demonstrated that the GO-FACs/ER coatings have better anticorrosion performance compared with the pure ER coatings and the GO/ER coatings. The hydrophobic surface and the well dispersed fillers constitute the dual barrier to resist the corrosion medium.     

Enhancing flame retardant and antistatic properties of polyamide 6 by a grafted multiwall carbon nanotubes

In order to improve the flame retardancy and antistatic properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) at as low amount of additives as possible, an integrated-functional additive was synthesized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The results showed 2 wt% of DOPO-MWCNTs distributed in PA6 formed an electric network and decreased volume resistivity sharply to 3.1 × 10⁸ Ω cm. In other words, it helped PA6 to get to the percolation threshold of semiconductor. By using of 3 wt% DOPO-MWCNTs, the severe dripping in burning of PA6 was almost controlled. The possible reason was also ascribed to the network formed by evenly dispersed DOPO-MWCNTs, which strengthened the char structure and held severe dripping of PA6. As a result, the heat and smoke release were also suppressed obviously. The most important is that CO release was about half cut in CONE test.     

Achieving superiorly high heat-dimensional stability,high strength,and good electrochemical performance for electrospun separators in power lithium-ion battery through building unique condensed structure based on polyimide and poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide)

It is still a challenge for simultaneously achieving high heat resistance, high strength and outstanding electrochemical performance for separators in power lithium-ion battery (PLB). Herein, new high performance electrospun separators are developed through building unique structure based on polyimide (PI) and poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA). Orthogonal tests (4⁴) show that the magnitude order of electrospinning factors on the morphology of membrane is concentration>injection rate>receiving distance>voltage. With the optimum factors, the electrospun membrane (PI/PMIA) was prepared, which was further pressed at 100°C for 10 min to get treated membrane (H-PI/PMIA). Interestingly, the comprehensive performance of PI/PMIA is not a simple combination of those of PI and PMIA; instead, PI/PMIA has much better thermal and mechanical properties than both PI and PMIA, proving that PI/PMIA has a synergistic effect. PI/PMIA and H-PI/PMIA not only have good ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, but also have superiorly high properties including dimensional stability (thermal shrinkage temperature>300°C), tensile strengths (24.1 MPa for PI/PMIA, 34.3 MPa for H-PI/PMIA) and capacity retentions (97.9%, 99.2%) compared with electrospun membranes for PLBs reported in the literature so far (SCI database). The mechanism behind these attractive performances is discussed from condensed structure of membranes.     

Fabrication of phytic acid embellished kaolinite and its effect on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of ethylene vinyl acetate composites

A modified kaolinite by grafting with phytic acid (PA-g-Kaol) is fabricated, and it was introduced into ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with intumescent flame retardancy (IFR) together to improve the flame retardancy of EVA composites. The results show the limiting oxygen index value of EVA/ (18.0 wt% IFR)/ (2.0 wt% PA-g-Kaol) is 30.8%. Meanwhile, there is only one dripping produced in the vertical burning test. What's more, the flame-retardant mechanism is demonstrated by TG-IR, real-time-IR and GC–MS analysis. The results indicate that some pyrolytic products of IFR and PA-g-Kaol, like ammonia and phosphoric acid, catalyze the crosslinking of EVA and flame retardant, the resultant compact char protects the substrate from further burning.     

基于内置温度传感器的碳化硅功率模块结温在线提取方法

碳化硅(SiC)MOSFET具有耐压高、开关速度快、导通损耗低等优点,将越来越广泛地应用于高效、高功率密度场合.在这些应用场合中,SiC MOSFET面临着严峻的可靠性考验,而结温的在线准确提取是实现器件寿命预测和可靠性评估的重要基础.该文提出一种基于功率模块内置负温度系数(NTC)温度传感器的器件结温在线提取方法.首先建立考虑多芯片热耦合效应的内置温度传感器至功率芯片的热网络模型,并建立SiC MOSFET的损耗快速计算方法;通过有限元仿真提取热网络模型的阻抗参数,并验证该热网络参数在不同边界条件下的稳定性.仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的结温在线估计方法能够准确地获得器件的动态结温,且热网络模型参数不受环境温度、散热条件等边界条件变化的影响,适用于实际任务剖面下的结温监测与寿命预测.     

基于自适应基准锁相环的高速永磁电机转子位置误差全补偿方法

转子位置信息的精度影响高速永磁同步电机的运行性能,在高速运行条件下,转子位置估算容易受到环路滤波器和电机参数偏差等非理想因素的影响.首先,针对转子位置估算误差,该文提出一种自适应基准锁相环,主要思想是锁相环通过误差重构,实现对基频相关误差补偿.在此基础上,以最小电流为目标自适应调节锁相环的锁相基准,实现对非基频相关误差的补偿,最终实现对位置误差的全补偿,该方法实现简单、参数依赖性低、鲁棒性强.最后,基于一台高速永磁同步电机进行仿真与实验,结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Intensification of low-grade methane enrichment in nitrogen mixture by CH4/CO2 displacement

To solve the problem of CO₂ uncompleted desorption in the process of CO₂ displacement enhancing the adsorption separation of CH₄/N₂, a small amount of product gas CH₄ was used as purge gas to improve the CO₂ desorption. CH₄/CO₂ mixture gas obtained from desorption step was recycled as the displacement gas to enhance the enrichment of low-grade methane in nitrogen mixture. In this work, the research conducted the experiments for CH₄/N₂ separation using CH₄/CO₂ displacement intensification adsorption and the laboratory-made coconut shell activated carbon as sorbent. The mathematical models were built in gPROMS and the accuracy of models was verified by comparison of simulations and CH₄/N₂/CO₂ breakthrough experiments. The performance of enrichment of low-grade methane with displacement intensification using different displacer was compared. The result showed that the process with CH₄/CO₂ displacement had higher purity product than CO₂ displacement. The CH₄/ CO₂ mixed gas replacement enhanced vacuum pressure swing adsorption cycle experiment was carried out, which can jointly enrich 14% CH₄/ N₂ and 53% CH₄/CO₂ to 98.8%, and at the same time obtain a recovery rate of 77.8%.