Verbal response modes and dimensions of interpersonal roles: A method of discourse analysis.

Describes a general analytic taxonomy of verbal response modes. Utterances in dyadic communication can be described as concerning the speaker's or the other's experience, using the speaker's or the other's frame of reference, and being focused on the speaker or the other (where "focus" means presuming or not presuming knowledge of the other). The intersection of these 3 dichotomous principles of classification defines 8 familiar verbal response modes: disclosure, question, edification, acknowledgment, advisement, interpretation, confirmation, and reflection. Each mode has a distinctive grammatical form as well as a distinctive interpersonal intent, so the form and the intent of an utterance can be coded separately. The modes can be used to define 3 conceptually orthogonal dimensions of interpersonal roles, tentatively labeled attentiveness, acquiescence, and presumptuousness. The system of verbal response modes and role dimensions is similar in purpose to R. F. Bales's (1950) interaction process analysis but has certain methodological and conceptual advantages. (43 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Miami cooperative community study on the Copeland intraocular lens (pseudophakos)

We reviewed 623 cases of Copeland iris plane implantation in an elderly population. Sixty-three percent of eyes achieved visual acuity of 6/12(20/40) or better. The incidence of significant corneal edema was low. Postoperative problems included cystoid macular edema, membranous-like structures, and iritis.     

The relationship between activating affects, inhibitory affects, and self-compassion in patients with Cluster C personality disorders.

In the short-term dynamic psychotherapy model termed “Affect Phobia Treatment,” it is assumed that increase in patients' defense recognition, decrease in inhibitory affects (e.g., anxiety, shame, guilt), and increase in the experience of activating affects (e.g., sadness, anger, closeness) are related to enhanced self-compassion across therapeutic approaches. The present study aimed to test this assumption on the basis of data from a randomized controlled trial, which compared a 40-session short-term dynamic psychotherapy (N = 25) with 40-session cognitive treatment (N = 25) for outpatients with Cluster C personality disorders. Patients' defense recognition, inhibitory affects, activating affects, and self-compassion were rated with the Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scale (McCullough et al., 2003b) in Sessions 6 and 36. Results showed that increase in self-compassion from early to late in therapy significantly predicted pre- to post-decrease in psychiatric symptoms, interpersonal problems, and personality pathology. Decrease in levels of inhibitory affects and increase in levels of activating affects during therapy were significantly associated with higher self-compassion toward the end of treatment. Increased levels of defense recognition did not predict higher self-compassion when changes in inhibitory and activating affects were statistically controlled for. There were no significant interaction effects with type of treatment. These findings support self-compassion as an important goal of psychotherapy and indicate that increase in the experience of activating affects and decrease in inhibitory affects seem to be worthwhile therapeutic targets when working to enhance self-compassion in patients with Cluster C personality disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluation of high-resolution ocean surface vector winds measured by QuikSCAT scatterometer in coastal regions

The SeaWinds scatterometer onboard QuikSCAT covers approximately 90% of the global ocean under clear and cloudy condition in 24 h, and the standard data product has 25-km spatial resolution. Such spatial resolution is not sufficient to resolve small-scale processes, especially in coastal oceans. Based on range-compressed normalized backscatter and a modified wind retrieval algorithm, a coastal wind dataset at 12.5-km resolution was produced. Even with larger error, the high-resolution winds, in medium to high strength, would still be useful over coastal ocean. Using measurements from moored buoys from the National Buoy Data Center, the high-resolution QuikSCAT wind data are found to have similar accuracy as standard data in the open ocean. The accuracy of both high- and standard-resolution winds, particularly in wind directions, is found to degrade near shore. The increase in error is likely caused by the inadequacy of the geophysical model function/ambiguity removal scheme in addressing coastal conditions and light winds situations. The modified algorithm helps to bring the directional accuracy of the high-resolution winds to the accuracy of the standard-resolution winds in near-shore regions, particularly in the nadir and far zones across the satellite track.     

Processing of multiple-receiver spaceborne arrays for wide-area SAR

The instantaneous area illuminated by a single-aperture synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is fundamentally limited by the minimum SAR antenna area constraint. This limitation is due to the fact that the number of illuminated resolution cells cannot exceed the number of collected data samples. However, if spatial sampling is added through the use of multiple-receiver arrays, then the maximum unambiguous illumination area is increased because multiple beams can be formed to reject range-Doppler ambiguities. Furthermore, the maximum unambiguous illumination area increases with the number of receivers in the array. One spaceborne implementation of multiple-aperture SAR that has been proposed is a constellation of formation-flying satellites. In this implementation, several satellites fly in a cluster and work together as a single coherent system. There are many advantages to the constellation implementation including cost benefits, graceful performance degradation, and the possibility of performing in multiple modes. The disadvantage is that the spatial samples provided by such a constellation will be sparse and irregularly spaced; consequently, traditional matched filtering produces unsatisfactory results. We investigate SAR performance and processing of sparse, multiple-aperture arrays. Three filters are evaluated: the matched filter, maximum-likelihood filter, and minimum mean-square error filter     

Appraisal of published reviews of research on psychotherapy and counseling with adults 1990-1998.

Reviews and meta-analyses of research on adult psychotherapy and counseling with adults published in English from 1990 to 1998 (N = 255) were rated according to the criteria advanced by A. D. Oxman and G. H. Guyart (1988). A majority of the reviews fell substantially short of these basic standards; on average, review articles met only half of the 8 criteria, and only 20% met 7 or more of the criteria. Common deficiencies included failure to describe comprehensive search methods used to locate studies: failure to explain inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies; and failure to provide reliable, unbiased assessments of the studies reviewed. The reviews showed no tendency to improve over the period studied. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Autonomic hyperreflexia in a pregnant paraplegic patient. Case report

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pregnant patients with spinal cord injuries are predisposed to autonomic hyperreflexia, which if unrecognized or untreated can lead to death. Hypertension occurring in laboring patients at risk for autonomic hyperreflexia must be managed aggressively. METHODS: Epidural anesthesia can safely control autonomic hyperreflexia during labor and delivery, but because spinal cord impaired patients lack sensory and motor function below the level of injury, it is difficult to determine the dermatomal spread of epidural anesthesia by the usual methods. This difficulty is highlighted by the following case, reporting an epidural that failed during labor, with the subsequent development of autonomic hyperreflexia. RESULTS: Previously, autonomic hyperreflexia occurring in pregnant patients (undergoing surgical procedures) was treated with intravenous antihypertensive agents. During labor, however, titrating these agents to coincide with uterine contractions is difficult. In this case, epidural anesthesia was repeated and the autonomic hyperreflexia resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic hyperreflexia can develop in unanesthetized laboring paraplegic patients (failed epidural) but it can be successfully managed with adequate epidural anesthesia.     

Measurement of drinking water contaminants by solid phase microextraction initially quantified in source water samples by the USGS

Two adsorbent solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, 70 microm Carbowax divinylbenzene (CW/DVB) and 65 microm polydimethylsiloxane divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), were selected for the analysis of several target analytes (phenols, phosphates, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated pesticides) identified by the USGS in surface waters. Detection limits for standards ranged from 0.1 to 1 ng/mL for the CW/ DVB fiber and 0.1 to 2 ng/mL for the PDMS/DVB fiber for 20 of the analytes. The remaining analytes were not extracted because their polarity precluded their partition to the solid phase of the SPMEfiber. Groundwater and treated water samples collected from wells in northern New Jersey were then sampled for the USGS analytes by the SPME method as well as a modified version of EPA 525.5 using C-18 bonded solid phase extraction columns. Nine of the USGS analytes-bisphenol A, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, butylated hydroxytoluene, butlyated hydroxyanisole, diethyltoulamide, diethyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and triphenyl phosphate-were detected in groundwater samples using the CW/ DVB fiber.