Relationship between structure parameters and chemical properties in some MPS3 layered phases

Cationic thermal motions in the MPS₃ have been related to substitution abilities in this layer family. They have also been correlated to the crystal field stabilization energy. These considerations explain why some MPS₃ materials may or may not undergo a low temperature substitution intercalation reaction. From interatomic distances comparisons, the bond between (PS₃) groups in the anionic (P₂S₆)^4? octahedra, is found to be easily stretched upon cation substitution. Cationic radii follows the expected variation according to their high spin configuration in octahedral sulfur environment.     

Quantitative determination of aflatoxin B1 in chick liver

A method for the rapid and quantitative determination of aflatoxin B1 from small quantities of liver, around 1-2 g, is described. The extraction procedure involves acidification to pH 2 of the aqueous liver homogenates, extraction with chloroform: acetone and HPLC-fluorimetric detection after derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid. Quantitative recovery of aflatoxin B1 from chick liver was achieved and detection at levels of 0.2-1 ppb was proved feasible. The aflatoxin B1 concentration in chick liver after oral administration is also shown.     

Dissolution Profiling of Six Modified-Release Oral Solid Dosage Forms

Dissolution testing was conducted for six non-combination, single entity, modified-release oral solid dosage forms. Dissolution medium was water and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. USP Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2 were used arid were rotated at either 50 or 100 rpm. A complete dissolution profile was obtained for all six dosage forms based on their stated dosing interval, D. The three strengths of Theo-dur tablets, Norpace CR 150 mg capsules, and the two strengths of Chlor-trimeton tablets passed the Compendial Case One requirements (USP XXI, 2S, 1906). Thorazine spansules and Quinidex tablets were unable to meet the specifications with water as the dissolution medium; the latter showed improved dissolution character in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Tenuate Dospan 75 mg tablets showed good release characteristics in water when the authentic (dosing interval (D = 24 hours) was changed to a modified dosing interval of D* = 12 hours. All dissolution aliquots were assayed by UV absorbance measurements at the absorbance maximum for each drug and were also checked for excipient interference. Newer drugs appearing on the market will be more likely candidates for meeting compendial specifications; modified-release pharmaceuticals that appeared before the new specifications may have to be allocated specifically expanded window percentages.     

Dynamic viscosities of mixtures of n-butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde over wide ranges in the state parameters

Dynamic-viscosity measurements are reported for liquid mixtures in the system formed by n-butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 321–322, February, 1985.     

Antimutagenic activity of phenolic compounds, oligosaccharides and quinolizidinic alkaloids from Lupinus campestris seeds.

There are some foods that contain mutagenic or carcinogenic agents, some of which occur naturally and others that may be formed during preparation or cooking. Several foods such as legumes, also contain natural antimutagens and/or anticarcinogens. Lupine is one such legume that contains high amounts of protein (40%) and oils (14%). About 90 species of lupine have been reported throughout Mexico. However, the use of this crop as a source of food has been limited by the presence of antinutritional agents such as phenolic compounds (PC), carbohydrates (CH) and quinolizidinic alkaloids (Qas). It has also been suggested that consuming these compounds can affect human health and may even reduce the risk of disease. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of PC, CH and Qas, isolated and quantified from Lupinus campestris on the mutagenicity of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) as a model mutagen and we used the Salmonella typhimurium tester strain YG1024 by the Kado microsuspension method. The results indicate that L. campestris seeds have 11 mg (+)catechin equivalent g(-1) seed coat; 120.3 mg g(-1) seeds and 2.13 mg g(-1) seeds of PC, CH and Qas, respectively. 1-NP mutagenicity was inhibited by 86% for PC, 76% for CH and 75% for Qas at concentrations of 200, 512 and 13.6 microg/tube, respectively.     

Pesticide monitoring programme of the Ministry of Health of Brazil

The structure of the recently introduced Brazilian government programme for monitoring pesticide residues in six major agricultural products is described. Residues found from the analysis of samples of tomatoes and strawberries are discussed in detail. The much greater frequency of detection of pesticide residues, many of which are not approved for use in Brazil, in produce being sold on the domestic market, as opposed to that produced for export, is of major concern. It is perceived that this new monitoring programme will become permanent and be used to underpin enforcement actions that will need to be taken to reduce the numbers of incidents of illegal residues occurring, particularly in fresh fruits and vegetables.     

Production of maraging steel grades and the influence of specified and nonspecified elements for special applications

The material properties of maraging steels are greatly affected by the alloy and inclusion content and hence by the production route. This paper describes various past and current production routes at Böhler Edelstahl GmbH and the effect of these routes on the specified element (alloy) and non-specified element (inclusion) contents. Non-metallic inclusions were investigated by EDX analysis. The effects of various alloying and tramp elements on the material properties are presented as a statistical evaluation of previous melts. Nitrogen solubility was calculated with Thermo–Calc for maraging steel Mat.-No. 1.6354 and the precipitation of nitrides is discussed. A proposal is made for the production of melts with improved properties.     

High-strain-rate superplasticity of nanocrystalline aluminum alloy 1570

The structure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline aluminum alloy 1570 obtained by means of severe plastic deformation have been studied. Being tested in a temperature range from 300 to 400°C, the alloy exhibits high-strain-rate superplasticity. At 400°C, the superplasticity is manifested in a very broad range of strain rates, extending from 5 × 10^?3 to 1 s^?1.     

Simulation of the initial stages of nucleation and growth of Au/NaCl(100)

The results of a computer simulation of the initial stages of the nucleation and growth of gold on NaCl(100) are presented. A potential energy scaling Monte Carlo model employing a 50 × 50 array, mobile monomers, dimers and trimers, and gold atom vertical “roll up” was used. The parameters in the model were obtained from the work of Robinson and Robins, other published sources and/or found by calculation. Simulations of the migration of single gold adatoms over the surface permitted the determination of the diffusion coefficient as a function of the reciprocal temperature which returned the same activation energy given by the potential field, thus indicating the consistency of the model. Initial cluster densities were determined using deposition rates of R_d = 10¹⁵cm^-2s^-1 and R_d = 10¹⁴cm^-2s^-1 over the temperature range T=200–425 K. Initial cluster growth was found to occur primarily by surface phase transport and resulted in clusters that were shaped like very thin disks. Using the equations from the work of Velfe and coworkers, calculations were made to extrapolate the computer simulation data in order to permit an indirect comparison with the data of Robinson and Robins. Good agreement was achieved. Initial condensation coefficients determined over a 250 ms interval showed that α ≈ 0 at T > 425 K and α ≈ 1 at T < 325 K for a deposition rate of R_d=10¹⁵ cm^-2 s^-1.