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981.
I. V. Gervas’eva D. P. Rodionov Yu. V. Khlebnikova N. F. Vil’danova A. S. Shtyrlov G. A. Dosovitskii A. R. Kaul’ 《The Physics of Metals and Metallography》2007,103(6):600-608
The texture, structure, and magnetic and mechanical properties of thin ribbons of nickel-palladium alloys have been studied. It has been demonstrated that in Ni94Pd6 and Ni92.5Pd5W2.5 alloys, a sharp cube texture can be formed that is stable up to rather high annealing temperatures. Segregation of palladium atoms to surface layers of ribbons has been found, which gives additional advantages for using these ribbons as substrates for epitaxial deposition of high-temperature superconductors. 相似文献
982.
On the basis of Odum's ecological economic measure of emergy as embodied solar energy, a system account of biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China 2004 is developed in this paper, which supplements a former study on corresponding long-term historical trends during 1978 to 2000 (Chen et al., 2006. Emergy-based analysis of the Chinese agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 115, 161–173). The aggregate fluxes and indicators for biomass resource exploitation in China 2004 are calculated and illustrated when compared with those for 2000 to elucidate the latest status of the Chinese agriculture as the exploitation sector for biomass resource. Data sources and algorithm are presented in detail as basic references for related analysis involving the ecological economy of biomass exploitation in agriculture. 相似文献
983.
Abstract: This article presents a review of dynamic fracture studies on functionally graded materials. A brief literature review on the fracture mechanics of graded materials is presented first. This is followed by a discussion on the higher-order asymptotic analysis of the transient elastic field surrounding the tip of a dynamically growing crack in a functionally graded material. A comprehensive experimental study of dynamic crack growth in model functionally graded material using the optical method of reflection photoelasticity and high-speed photography is then presented. The results are analysed to establish a generalised relationship between the crack velocity and the dynamic mode-I stress intensity factor (SIF). This relationship is found to be unique and is distinctly different from that previously established for the matrix material (polyester). Finally, an innovative experimental procedure is used to demonstrate the necessity of employing a fully transient stress-field representation in the analysis of optical data for an accurate prediction of the dynamic SIF history. 相似文献
984.
R. Dinesh T. Fujiwara T. Watanabe K. Byrappa M. Yoshimura 《Journal of Materials Science》2006,41(5):1541-1546
A well-crystallized AMO4 (A=Ba, Ca, Sr; M=W, Mo) films have been prepared at room temperature through a simple solution reaction in respective alkaline
solution at higher pH ranging from 12–14. Adopting the corrosion principle for oxidation of metal substrate, these double
oxide films were carried out in presence of chemical driving force without any special apparatus or devices. Hydrogen peroxide
was used to enhance the dissolution rate of metal substrates. The driving force for the film formation and growth were high
concentration of A2+, MO42− ions with high pH conditions. Average grain sizes of 8–10 μm with bipyramidal shaped particle were grown to the thickness
of about 10–14 μm after 3–6 hours treatment. The crystallization of AMO4 was characterized by three-dimensional nucleation. This work demonstrates the possibility of fabrication of functional ceramic
films directly from the aqueous solution in a single step by solution reactions. 相似文献
985.
R. B. Vasil’ev S. G. Dorofeev M. N. Rumyantseva L. I. Ryabova A. M. Gas’kov 《Semiconductors》2006,40(1):104-107
The impedance spectra of nanocrystalline SnO2 ceramics with an average grain size d ranging from 3 to 43 nm were investigated in the frequency range 1–106 Hz at temperatures from 25 to 300°C in a dry oxygen atmosphere. Analysis of the experimental data by the graphoanalytical method made it possible to separate the contributions of grain bulk and grain boundaries to the conductivity. It is shown that the samples investigated can be arbitrarily divided into two groups with respect to the character of their conductivity. For the samples with an average grain size d < 25 nm, the charge transfer processes are almost completely determined by the grain boundaries. In samples with a larger grain size, the contribution of grain bulk to the conductivity is comparable with that of grain boundaries. 相似文献
986.
The tree representation of evolutionary relationship oversimplifies the view of the process of evolution as it cannot take into account the events such as horizontal gene transfer, hybridization, homoplasy and genetic recombination. Several algorithms exist for constructing phylogenetic networks which result from events such as horizontal gene transfer, hybridization and homoplasy. Very little work has been published on the algorithmic detail of phylogenetic networks with constrained recombination. The problem of minimizing the number of recombinations in a phylogenetic network, constructed using binary DNA sequences, is NP-hard. In this paper, we propose a pattern recognition-based O(n2) time approach for constructing the phylogenetic network, where n is the number of nodes or sequences in the input data. The network is constructed with the restriction that no two cycles in the network share a common node. 相似文献
987.
Moeyersoon B. Morthier G. Bockstaele R. Baets R. 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2005,17(10):2032-2034
We show that the wavelength switching behavior of semiconductor tunable lasers can be improved through optical feedback from a stable reference filter. The filter is based on a novel prism-based implementation of a Fox-Smith resonator and has a response consisting of periodically spaced peaks, both in reflection and transmission. The improvement of the wavelength switching behavior stems from the suppression of the thermally induced wavelength drift associated with the switching of the tuning currents. 相似文献
988.
White J.R. White C.J. Slocum A.H. 《Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE》2005,15(11):793-795
The development and testing of a miniaturized, high-Q, broadly tunable resonator is described. An exemplary device, with a center frequency that is continuously tunable from 1.2 to 2.6GHz, was tested in detail. Experimental results demonstrated a resonator Q of up to 380, and typical insertion loss of -1.9dB for a 25MHz 3-dB bandwidth. These resonators have been used to stabilize a broadly-tunable oscillator with phase noise of -132dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset, with a center frequency tunable from 1.2-2.6GHz, and a tuning speed of 1GHz/ms. 相似文献
989.
P Sarkar D Ghosh D Bhattacharya R Kataky SJ Setford SF White APF Turner 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(12):1389-1394
Allergen levels in indoor environments, leading to many diseases, eg asthma, rhinitis and conjunctivitis, affect a large and increasing fraction of the population. A quite effective and inexpensive method of a rough but very rapid overall assessment of total allergen level in the environment has been developed. The method involved estimation of protein in allergen extracts by screen‐printed electrodes using two different techniques. The biosensor comprised a rhodinised carbon working electrode, a silver/silver chloride reference electrode and a carbon counter electrode. In the first method the enzyme protease reacted with allergen protein to release amino acid, which produced hydrogen peroxide in the presence of amino acid oxidase. This was detected amperometrically. The second method used potassium bromide as electrolyte and the electrode was subjected to dual potential. Bromine, released due to electrolysis at higher potential, was consumed by the allergen protein at lower potential. In the first method, a unique technique was used to microencapsulate the enzyme protease and immobilise it on the surface of the electrode by in‐situ polymerisation to avoid contact with the amino acid oxidase. A total of seven allergens were tested and the results gave a good correlation with the standard protein measurement method. Environmental specimens from indoors, schools and workplaces can be evaluated for the aeroallergens produced by dust mites, animal hairs, cockroach debris, pollens, etc as a means of determining the exposure risk. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
990.
Nitrification kinetics are important for process design, optimization, and capacity rating of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. A Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) project on Methods for Wastewater Characterization in Activated Sludge Modeling (WERF, 2003) focused significantly on the development of procedures for measuring the nitrifier maximum specific growth rate, micro(AUT). In addition, the importance of (and lack of data for) the nitrifier decay rate, b(AUT), was identified. This paper describes three bench-scale methods for measuring micro(AUT): the Low F/M SBR, Washout and High F/M methods. During the WERF project, the importance of pH and temperature control was investigated briefly; this paper summarizes further experimental work performed to address these issues. A summary of micro(AUT) measurements in a number of locations and using the different measurement techniques is provided. 相似文献