Effects of Sodium Hydroxide and Selected Inorganic Phosphates on the Characteristics of Reduced Sodium Meat Emulsions

The effects of adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH), separately or in combinastion with various inorganic phosphates, on meat emulsion characteristics were studied. In comparing the addition of either NaPP or NaOH, 0.075% NaOH resulted in a higher raw emulsion pH and greater solubilized protein than 0.30% NaPP, but NaPP resulted in a more stable emulsion. The combination of 0.075% NaOH and 0.30% NaPP resulted in a soluble protein level less than when the ingredients were added individually and only slightly higher than if neither were present. The addition of NaOH (at 1 part NaOH to 4 parts phosphate) decreased cooked yields. With NaAPP and NaPP, NaOH reduced yields below that of the control.     

Effect of wheat bran included in an anti-atherosclerotic diet on the lipid metabolic indices of ischemic heart disease patients

A study was made of the effect of wheat bran contained by the antisclerotic diet on lipid metabolism in patients with chronic coronary heart disease. Eighty-two patients (males) aged 36-59 years with a history of myocardial infarction of 1- to 15 year-standing were entered into the study. It was ascertained that inclusion into the antisclerotic diet of wheat bran in an amount of 70-80 g does not exert any hypolipidemic action. No elevation of the serum alpha-cholesterol content was noticed either. The augmentation of the cholic acid concentration together with a reduction in the cholesterol content in the hepatic bile attests to its reduced lithogenicity.     

Hydrogen photoproduction in a continuous flow system with u.v.-light and aqueous suspensions of RuOx/Pt/TiO2

Water photolysis has been studied in liquid phase, using neutral aqueous suspensions of RuO_x/Pt/TiO₂ particles and u.v. light. A continuous gas flow apparatus of ca 350 cm³ of total volume and holding 150 cm³ of catalyst suspension was designed and tested. Hydrogen generation rates up to 110 μmol h^?1 have been obtained. Influence of photoproducts and catalyst concentration on the process rate is studied. Discussion is centred in the role played by oxygen in catalyst activity and process dynamics.     

Magnetic, telluric and magnetotelluric measurements at the Travale test site, Tuscany, 1980–1983: An overview

The initial problems associated with the fieldwork and integration of the results of four independent European university research groups involved in magnetotelluric studies in the Travale Test Site are discussed. This is followed by an account of the development of collaborative field studies, rewarding data and computer programme interchange and finally compatibility in the resulting electrical conductivity models and their interpretation. A suggested strategy for future EEC collaborative geothermal studies concludes this overview.     

Bilateral control of teleoperators with time delay

A control law for teleoperators is presented which overcomes the instability caused by time delay. By using passivity and scattering theory, a criterion is developed which shows why existing bilateral control systems are unstable for certain environments, and why the proposed bilateral control law is stable for any environment and any time delay. The control law has been implemented on a single-axis force-reflecting hand controller, and preliminary results are shown. To keep the presentation clear, a single-degree-of-freedom (DOF) linear time-invariant (LTI) teleoperator system is discussed. Nevertheless, results can be extended, without loss of generality, to an n-DOF nonlinear teleoperation system     

GaAs/AlGaAs grating surface-emitting diode lasers on Si substrates

A monolithic grating surface-emitting, GaAs/AlGaAs, separate-confinement-heterostructure, single-quantum-well diode laser has been fabricated on a Si substrate using a single-step metalorganic chemical vapour deposition process. An output power of 30 mW has been obtained under pulsed operation with a peak emission wavelength of 885 nm.<>     

Mutagenicity of three agricultural soils

A chemical and biological testing protocol was employed to evaluate the mutagenic potential of the organic compounds extracted from three agricultural soils. The analytical procedures used included bioassays with Salmonella typhimurium and Aspergillus nidulans for the detection of point mutations and a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/computer system to identify major organic constituents. The extracts of all three soils exhibited mutagenic response in the bioassays. At a dose level of 1000 micrograms per plate, the organic extract of the Bastrop clay induced 434 net revertants; while at the same dose level the Norwood sandy clay and the Sassafrass sandy loam induced 35 and 178 net revertants, respectively, in the Salmonella assay with metabolic activation. In the Aspergillus assay, the extract of the Norwood and Bastrop soils induced a positive response without metabolic activation; this effect was reduced or eliminated in the presence of metabolic activation. Chemical analysis identified a variety of initiators, promotors, inhibitors, and cocarcinogens; however, there were no mutagenic compounds identified in any of the soil extracts. The results of this combined testing protocol indicate that the agricultural soils tested had an inherent level of mutagenic activity, which was not detected by GC/MS analysis alone, and this activity may be related to the past history of agricultural practices, including biocide applications, fertilization, and cultivation.     

Electric-discharge cleaning of surfaces of manufacturing equipment from foreign nonmetallic deposits

Processing characteristics of the electric-discharge cleaning of surfaces of manufacturing equipment from foreign nonmetallic deposits of different durability are researched. To expand the capabilities of the cleaning of manufacturing equipment, a complex cleaning method is proposed.