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11.
Lipeles RA Coleman DJ Leung MS 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1991,38(6):684-689
The metallo-organic solution deposition (MOSD or sol-gel) technique can be used for preparing lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics with a wide range of compositions and crystal structures for electrooptical applications. Film morphology is affected by the stoichiometry of the film, hydrolysis and polymerization of the sol-gel solution, and thermal treatment of the deposited material. The lattice parameter decreases with the amount of titanium in the PZT, in agreement with ceramic data. A slight initial excess of lead in the coating solution is found to improve film morphology. Unlike traditional powder ceramic processing techniques, MOSD permits the growth of small uniform grains that are conducive to achieving consistent electronic and optical properties. Results show that the properties of films prepared by the MOSD process can be tailored to meet the needs of device applications. 相似文献
12.
The introduction of laser scanners at supermarket checkout areas has resulted in previous ergonomics studies focusing specifically on the scanning process and associated cumulative trauma disorders in the hands and arms. Few studies have evaluated the increased musculoskeletal load and exertion of checkout staff when they are also expected to pack the products into bags for the customers. This paper describes an ergonomics evaluation of three different designs of checkout workstation, which require the operator to stand when they scan the products, pack them into plastic bags and transfer the packed bags to the customer. Musculoskeletal load and exertion associated with the different checkouts were measured using OWAS, heart rate recordings and ratings of perceived exertion. In addition, subjective rankings of the workstations were obtained and the productivity associated with each design examined as part of the evaluation. Some of the variables measured showed significant differences in postural load between the workstations. The results of the evaluation formed the basis of recommendations for an improved workstation design. Some of the suggestions made to reduce postural load and increase productivity include positioning the weigh scale to the side and the bag frame beneath the scanner. 相似文献
13.
Coleman R 《Applied ergonomics》1993,24(1):5-8
The ageing of the UK population, and other similar populations, is now well advanced. The process is probably irreversible and may well be repeated across the globe. It is reasonable to assume that 40-50% of the UK adult population will be over 50 for the foreseeable future, and that the number of people in their 80s and 90s will continue to increase for some decades. Growing awareness of this may well lead to a reinterpretation of the life course with consequent changes in lifestyle and activity. In the past, the main focus of design, both of products and environments, has been the working population. There is clearly an urgent need to direct attention to older sectors of the population, including: fit and active people in retirement; affluent groups in old age; single households; women, who form a majority of the over 50s; and other groups which have been neglected in many work studies. 相似文献
14.
15.
PL Coleman DC Lamppa RE Madden K Wilson-Elliott B Jones DJ Ampleford DE Bliss C Jennings A Bixler M Krishnan 《The Review of scientific instruments》2012,83(8):083116
For gas puff Z-pinches, the K-shell x-ray yield is maximized with the use of a multi-shell nozzle. Optimization of the yield, verification of hydrodynamic models of the nozzle flows, and plausible MHD code modeling of the implosions require data on the radial and axial (R,Z) distribution of mass in the nozzle's flow field. Interferometry is a well-established technique for acquiring such data. We describe the development and use of a two-dimensional interferometer with emphasis on the required data reduction methods. We also show that the instrument can derive the flow from each individual nozzle in a multi-shell system. 相似文献
16.
In a grain-boundary-engineered (GBE) microstructure, Σ9 boundaries are the second most abundant boundary type. This article presents data showing that, in GBE copper, most Σ9s were special. Σ9 boundaries are also a geometrically necessary component of a GBE microstructure. It is suggested that there are competing requirements for Σ9s; during iterative GBE processing, they are required to be mobile, whereas afterward, it is desirable that they are special boundaries. 相似文献
17.
Design of a novel MRI compatible manipulator for image guided prostate interventions 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Krieger A Susil RC Ménard C Coleman JA Fichtinger G Atalar E Whitcomb LL 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》2005,52(2):306-313
This paper reports a novel remotely actuated manipulator for access to prostate tissue under magnetic resonance imaging guidance (APT-MRI) device, designed for use in a standard high-field MRI scanner. The device provides three-dimensional MRI guided needle placement with millimeter accuracy under physician control. Procedures enabled by this device include MRI guided needle biopsy, fiducial marker placements, and therapy delivery. Its compact size allows for use in both standard cylindrical and open configuration MRI scanners. Preliminary in vivo canine experiments and first clinical trials are reported. 相似文献
18.
Lasers containing a nanopatterned active layer demonstrating excellent threshold characteristics are presented. The nanopatterned active layer is fabricated using high-resolution electron beam lithography and selective-area metal organic chemical vapour deposition crystal growth. Results demonstrating an order of magnitude improvement over previous results are reported. 相似文献
19.
Fiona M. Blighe Karen Young Juan J. Vilatela Alan H. Windle Ian A. Kinloch Libo Deng Robert J. Young Jonathan N. Coleman 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(2):364-371
We have measured the mechanical properties of coagulation‐spun polymer–nanotube composite fibers. Both the fiber modulus, Y, and strength, σB, scale linearly with volume fraction, Vf, up to Vf ~10%, after which these properties remain constant. We measured dY/dVf = 254 GPa and dσB/dVf = 2.8 GPa in the linear region. By drawing fibers with Vf < 10% to a draw ratio of ~60%, we can increase these values to dY/dVf = 600 GPa and dσB/dVf = 7 GPa. Raman measurements show the Herman's orientation parameter, S, to increase with drawing, indicating that significant nanotube alignment occurs. Raman spectroscopy also shows that the nanotube effective modulus, YEff, also increases with drawing. We have calculated an empirical relationship between the nanotube orientation efficiency factor, ηo, and S. This allows us to fit the data for YEff versus ηo, showing that the fiber modulus scales linearly with ηo, as predicted theoretically by Krenchel. From the fit, we estimate the nanotube modulus to be; YNT = 480 GPa. Finally, we show that the fiber strength also scales linearly with ηo, giving an effective interfacial stress transfer of τ = 40 MPa and a nanotube critical length of lc=1250 nm. This work demonstrates the validity of the Cox‐Krenchel rule of mixtures and shows that continuum theory still applies at the near‐molecular level. 相似文献
20.
Scaling the Aspect Ratio of Nanoscale Closely Packed Silicon Vias by MacEtch: Kinetics of Carrier Generation and Mass Transport 下载免费PDF全文
Jeong Dong Kim Parsian K. Mohseni Karthik Balasundaram Srikanth Ranganathan Jayavel Pachamuthu James J. Coleman Xiuling Li 《Advanced functional materials》2017,27(12)
Metal‐assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) has shown tremendous success as an anisotropic wet etching method to produce ultrahigh aspect ratio semiconductor nanowire arrays, where a metal mesh pattern serves as the catalyst. However, producing vertical via arrays using MacEtch, which requires a pattern of discrete metal disks as the catalyst, has often been challenging because of the detouring of individual catalyst disks off the vertical path while descending, especially at submicron scales. Here, the realization of ordered, vertical, and high aspect ratio silicon via arrays by MacEtch is reported, with diameters scaled from 900 all the way down to sub‐100 nm. Systematic variation of the diameter and pitch of the metal catalyst pattern and the etching solution composition allows the extraction of a physical model that, for the first time, clearly reveals the roles of the two fundamental kinetic mechanisms in MacEtch, carrier generation and mass transport. Ordered submicron diameter silicon via arrays with record aspect ratio are produced, which can directly impact the through‐silicon‐via technology, high density storage, photonic crystal membrane, and other related applications. 相似文献