A Low-Complexity Universal Scheme for Rate-Constrained Distributed Regression Using a Wireless Sensor Network

We propose a scheme for rate-constrained distributed nonparametric regression using a wireless sensor network. The scheme is universal across a wide range of sensor noise models, including unbounded and nonadditive noise; it has low complexity, requiring simple operations such as uniform scalar quantization with dither and message passing between neighboring nodes in the network, and attains minimax optimality for regression functions in common smoothness classes. We present theoretical results on the tradeoff between the compression rate, communication complexity of encoding, and the MSE and demonstrate empirical performance of the scheme using simulations.     

Scouring at Bed Sills as a Response to Flash Floods

The temporal development of clear-water local scour depth at bed sills in uniform gravel beds is considered. Experiments are presented on the development of scour holes under unsteady hydraulic conditions, with the triangular-shaped hydrographs tested being of different durations and different rates of flow variation. Based on the experimental results and a theoretical framework, a method is given for the definition and prediction of the scouring process under unsteady flows in terms of a dimensionless temporal parameter. A “flash flood” is here defined as an event for which the scour doesn’t attain its potential magnitude, i.e., the equilibrium value for the peak hydrograph flow rate. This flood nature is dependent on both the characteristics of the flood event itself and the characteristics of the stream. A quantitative measure of what constitutes a flash flood is given in terms of the identified temporal parameter. Results show that the ratio between the final scour depth and the potential scour depth at a bed sill for a given hydrograph can be estimated as a function of the identified temporal parameter.     

LISREL: an Alternative to MANOVA and Principal Components in Designed Experiments when the Response is Multidimensional

In designed industrial experiments, the response is often multidimensional. There may be different responses and/or responses of equal kind that are correlated. The usual analysis is by a separate ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) for each response or by MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) of all responses simultaneously. However, ANOVA/MANOVA techniques do not fully address the multivariate situation. In this paper, MANOVA, principal components analysis, and LISREL (Linear Structural Relationship), are applied to the results of an experiment concerning high‐precision breathing apparatus to be used by firefighters. The experimental design is a 2^5?1_V, having seven response measurements and five replicates. We address both establishing a cause–effect relation, and the estimation of the impact size. The multivariate techniques strongly reduce the number of tests to be performed. MANOVA and LISREL provide standard errors of every parameter of interest. The LISREL model is very flexible in model building and parameter testing, and it gives enhanced insight into the experimental results. Its use in industrial experiments has not been fully exploited; one possible explanation is that such experiments often have too few runs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pathogenic mechanisms in the rheumatoid nodule: comparison of proinflammatory cytokine production and cell adhesion molecule expression in rheumatoid nodules and synovial membranes from the same patient

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of cell adhesion molecules in the rheumatoid nodule. METHODS: Cytokine content (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha], interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], and IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1Ra]), at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels, and cell adhesion molecule expression were studied in 16 rheumatoid nodules and 6 synovial membranes. RESULTS: Macrophages in the rheumatoid nodules contained TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1Ra mRNA and protein, particularly in perivascular cells of the stroma and in the palisading layer. All cell adhesion molecules studied were expressed in both the rheumatoid nodules and synovial membranes, with increased expression of E-selectin in the rheumatoid nodule compared with the synovial membrane, and with the absence of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression on cells of the palisading layer in the rheumatoid nodule. CONCLUSION: The presence of similar proinflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in the rheumatoid nodule and synovial membrane suggests that similar pathogenic processes result in the chronic inflammation and tissue destruction in these lesions.     

Acute blindness after severe quinine poisoning

This article was prepared and submitted to members of the TMD academic community for their endorsement. A total of 120 people signed an endorsement; their names are available on request.     

Expression of sialyltransferase is not required for interaction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with human epithelial cells and human neutrophils

Sialyltransferase (Stase) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae organisms (gonococci [GC]) transfers sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid [NANA]) from cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) mainly to the terminal galactose (Gal) residue in the Gal beta-1,4 N-acetylglucosamine (Gal-GlcNAc)-R lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structure. Sialylated GC resist killing by normal human serum, sometimes show reduced invasion of epithelial cells, and have reduced adhesion to and stimulation of human neutrophils. We questioned whether Stase itself modulates the interactions of GC with human epithelial cells and neutrophils in the absence of exogenous CMP-NANA. To that end, we treated strain F62 with ethyl methanesulfonate and grew approximately 175,000 colonies on CMP-NANA plates, and screened them with monoclonal antibody 1B2-1B7 (MAb 1B2). MAb 1B2 is specific for Gal-GlcNAc and reacts only with asialylated GC. We isolated 13 MAb 1B2-reactive mutants, including five null mutants, that had Stase activities ranging from barely detectable to fivefold less than that of wild-type (WT) F62. The LOS phenotype of Stase null mutants was identical to that of WT F62, yet the mutants could not sialylate their LOS when grown with CMP-NANA. The Stase null phenotype was rescuable to Stase+ by transformation with chromosomal DNA from WT F62. Stase null mutants remained serum sensitive even when grown with CMP-NANA. One Stase null mutant, ST94A, adhered to and invaded the human cervical epithelial cell line ME-180 at levels indistinguishable from that of WT F62 in the absence of CMP-NANA. In human neutrophil studies, ST94A stimulated the oxidative burst in and adhered to human neutrophils at levels similar to those of WT F62. ST94A and WT F62 were also phagocytically killed by neutrophils at similar levels. These results indicate that expression of Stase activity is not required for interaction of GC with human cells.