Sodium oxacillin in the horse: serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine concentrations after single-dose intramuscular administration

Six healthy adult mares were given a single dose (25 mg/kg of body weight) of sodium oxacillin IM. Oxacillin concentrations in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine were measured serially over a 48-hour period. The mean peak serum oxacillin concentration was 9.75 microgram/ml at 0.5 hour after injection. Mean peak oxacillin concentrations in synovial and peritoneal fluids were 1.45 microgram/ml and 2.60 microgram/ml at 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. These concentrations decreased in parallel with serum values and were not measurable at 48 hours. Urine concentrations of oxacillin were high, with a mean peak concentration of 2,790.2 microgram/ml at 0.5 hour.     

Combined transoral and median labiomandibular glossotomy approach to the upper cervical spine

A surgical approach to the clivus and anterior spine from C-1 to the upper part of C-5 is described. It is a direct approach that provides a wider and longer exposure than does the transoral approach. Despite the seemingly radical incision, the cosmetic deformity and functional loss are minimal. This approach is useful for the surgical treatment of a variety of processes that are situated ventral to the upper cervical spinal cord and the cervicomedullary junction.     

A 3-degree of freedom binary search pose estimation technique

This paper describes a novel, binary search pose estimation (BSPE) technique for poses constrained to 3 degrees of freedom (DOF). The technique requires three fiduciary marker points and operates by minimising the angular DOF through a binary search driven algorithm. The technique is less computationally intensive than the standard closed form solutions and quickly converges to a solution which can be verified if additional fiduciary points are available. Evaluation for the technique is presented through a comparison to pose from orthography and scaling with iterations (POSIT) using synthetic data and a real-world application, where the technique is used for pose estimation of a mobile robot with respect to a motor vehicle for inspection purposes.     

Growth and feeding efficiency of wild and aquaculture genotypes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) common to Lake Huron,Canada

Selective breeding of salmonid fishes for the purpose of commercial aquaculture has resulted in domesticated strains possessing a divergent physiological and behavioral phenotype from that of wild conspecifics. Freshwater production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been occurring in regions of Lake Huron, Canada, for decades yet the growth and performance of domestic (aquaculture) versus wild (naturalized) strains are poorly understood. We conducted two trials to examine growth differences between size-matched wild and domestic strains of juvenile rainbow trout: (1) reared separately and fed to satiation; and (2) reared together and fed a reduced ration to induce competition. Additionally, we used bioenergetics models to assess strain-specific growth rates across a range of water temperatures (5, 10, 15 and 18 °C) as well as Lake Huron temperatures during the open-water season. Domestic rainbow trout showed a growth advantage throughout the 102 d trials, and by the end of the study had achieved a mass > two-fold that of the wild strain and had greater fork length, condition, and thermal growth coefficient (TGC) under both treatments. Rapid growth of domestic strain fish was achieved through the combination of enhanced feed consumption (by ~ 40%) and feeding efficiency (up to 60% lower feed conversion ratio) relative to wild fish. Divergence in growth rates between strains was most pronounced (> 3 ×) when modeled with Lake Huron open-water temperatures. We demonstrate that the growth and feed-conversion efficiency differ significantly between these two strains of rainbow trout under laboratory conditions, suggesting that differences could be even greater in nature.     

A case of clofazimine enteropathy

A case of clofazimine enteropathy is described. A young male received clofazimine 200 mg daily for four years. He was admitted in a pigmented, emaciated state with abdominal pain, diarrhoea and weight loss. At laparotomy his abdominal organs were stained with dark brown-black pigment due to heavy infiltration with clofazimine crystals. Despite withdrawal of clofazimine his symptoms failed to settle. He developed oedema and hypoalbuminaemia. He died following a cerebral infarction.     

Hearing and Sj?gren's syndrome

Immune sensorineural hearing loss is manifested in several systemic immune diseases. Although hearing loss has been previously documented in patients with Sj?gren's syndrome (SS), the effect of SS on hearing is unclear. This prospective study was designed to assess the presence of hearing loss in 14 patients with SS and, if sensorineural hearing loss was present, to determine if the hearing loss was immune-mediated. Patients were evaluated with basic audiologic tests as well as for cellular immune inner ear reactivity as measured by the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT). Three patients had evidence of sensorineural hearing loss. Two patients had a positive LTT without evidence of sensorineural hearing loss. This preliminary study suggests that SS may not directly cause sensorineural hearing loss, immuno-mediated or otherwise.