Dependences of the reflectivity and adhesion of thin metal films on the various process parameters for polyester substrates during physical vapor depositions

Various PVD techniques have been employed with a number of bright metals like Ag, Al, Ni, and Cr. E-beam evaporated sliver films turned out to be excellent with more than 96% reflectance but the adhesion was not very good Meanwhile, the adhesion of silver films deposited by using rf magnetron sputtering showed 15 to 24Kg_f/cm². When a bias of 100 V dc was additionally applied during the magnetron processes, the film adhesions were enhanced as much as 75 to 82 Kg_f/cm², which is 5 times higher than the evaporated counterpart. Along with this, the sputter-deposited silver films have revealed reflectance values of 96% and above. Thus, it is concluded that the dc biasing during sputter-deposition can be successfully utilized to produce high quality reflective films.     

Comparison of T2 lesion volume and magnetization transfer ratio histogram analysis and of atrophy and measures of lesion burden in patients with multiple sclerosis

A kinetic analysis of degradation of saturated oligoguluronates by poly(alpha-L-guluronate)lyase from Corynebacterium sp. ALY-1 strain was done. The saturated oligoguluronates were prepared by hydrolyzing poly alpha-1,4-L-guluronate from alginate with HCl, and then by gel filtration on a Bio-Gel P-6 column. The saturated pentaguluronate or above were rapidly degraded by the enzyme, while tetraguluronate was slowly degraded. From the dependency of the catalytic rate constant (kcat) on the degree of polymerization of substrates, the enzyme was found to have a subsite size corresponding to hexaguluronate units. The action pattern of the enzyme on hexaguluronate suggested that the catalytic site of the enzyme was matched to the linkage between the second and third uronic residue from the non-reducing end, since the substrate was mainly split into a unsaturated tetramer and a saturated dimer from a HPLC analysis.