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31.
RK Jarvik 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,19(7):565-570
Hydrodynamic blood pumps provide such advantages as not requiring an air vent or compliance chamber as well as a great reduction in mechanical complexity with the potential for very long durability. The detailed design of their bearings is emerging as the single most important determinant of long-term success. Three categories of bearings include remote force, such as magnetic suspension; blood-isolated, which require a shaft seal; and blood-immersed using either mechanical or hydrodynamic support. Blood-immersed bearings permit maximum simplification and miniaturization of the entire system, require no flush fluid, and require no electronics as with magnetic suspension. The Jarvik 2000 heart represents an example of their potential. The intraventricular titanium pump (25 mm diameter, 25 cc, 85 g), uses blood flow through the motor air gap with blood-immersed bearings. The longest in vitro bearing durability test is ongoing at 20,000,000,000 revolutions with minimal wear (3 years at 15,000 rpm). In vivo results include 5-month calf survival, no thromboembolism, plasma Hb 2-5 mg%, and power under 10 W. 相似文献
32.
RK Batra JC Olsen DK Hoganson B Caterson RC Boucher 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,272(18):11736-11743
Gene therapy may be an important adjuvant for treating cancer in the pleural space. The initial results of retroviral gene transfer to cancer cells in malignant pleural effusions revealed that transduction was markedly inhibited, and studies to characterize the inhibitory factor(s) were performed. The inhibition was contained within the soluble, rather than cellular, components of the effusions and was demonstrated with amphotropic, gibbon ape leukemia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein pseudotyped retroviral vectors. After excluding complement proteins, a series of studies identified chondroitin sulfates (CSs) as the inhibitory substances. First, treatment of the effusions with mammalian hyaluronidase or chondroitinases, but not Streptomyces hyaluronidase, abolished the inhibitory activity. Second, addition of exogenous CS glycosaminoglycans mimicked the inhibition observed with pleural effusions. Third, immunoassays and biochemical analyses of malignant pleural effusion specimens revealed CS in relevant concentrations within pleural fluid. Fourth, proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans isolated from the effusions inhibited retroviral gene transfer. Analyses of the mechanism of inhibition indicate that the chondroitin sulfates interact with vector in solution rather than at the target cell surface. These results suggest that drainage of the malignant pleural effusion, and perhaps enzymatic pretreatment of the pleural cavity, will be necessary for efficient retroviral vector mediated gene delivery to pleural metastases. 相似文献
33.
SH Thomas JE Horner K Chew J Connolly B Dorani L Bevan S Bhattacharyya MG Bramble KH Han A Rodgers B Sen B Tesfayohannes H Wynne DN Bateman 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,16(9):495-500
1. Paracetamol is increasingly involved in self-poisoning in the United Kingdom and remains a common cause of fatal poisoning. 2. To document the epidemiology and early management of paracetamol poisoning data were collected on consecutive patients with suspected paracetamol poisoning presenting to 6 hospitals in the North East of England over 12 weeks in 1994. 3. There were 400 presentations (attendance rate 1.14/10(3) population/yr) involving 343 persons (45% male). Paracetamol concentrations at 4 h correlated weakly with reported paracetamol dose (R = 0.49, P < 0.0001) and were similar comparing those treated and not treated by gastric decontamination. 4. In 38 (9%) cases paracetamol concentrations were above the appropriate nomogram treatment line, including 3% and 20% of patients who reported ingesting less than and more than 12 g respectively. In 21 patients acetylcysteine treatment was deferred until admission to the ward, the mean delay involved was 2.8 h. 5. One patient died, from arrhythmias caused by co-ingested dothiepin. 6. Paracetamol poisoning is common. Most cases do not have potentially toxic plasma paracetamol concentrations, but those who do often present late and antidotal treatment may be delayed inappropriately. 相似文献
34.
DR Bevan 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,44(10):1033-1035
35.
STUDY DESIGN: The study of two patients whose rib deformity was treated using a new endoscopic thoracoplasty technique is reported. OBJECTIVES: To report a new endoscopic thoracoplasty technique for the treatment of rib deformities associated with idiopathic scoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Thoracoplasty has traditionally been performed as an open procedure, often necessitating additional incisions and/or tissue dissection. METHODS: Two children with significant rib humps associated with idiopathic scoliosis were treated with a new endoscopic thoracoplasty technique. RESULTS: Both children showed dramatic cosmetic improvement of their rib deformity. CONCLUSIONS: The indications for the use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of pediatric spinal deformity are expanding. We have extended our video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery repertoire to include endoscopic thoracoplasty for treatment of rib deformities associated with idiopathic scoliosis. The technique for endoscopic thoracoplasty is discussed, and illustrative cases are presented. 相似文献
36.
RK Manoff 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,57(3):260-265
The possible contamination of groundwater by the insecticide carbofuran was assessed with the behavior assessment model (BAM) and groundwater pollution-potential model (GWP). Dissipation coefficients of this insecticide in two subtropical soils at different moisture contents and soil temperatures were studied by determining the degradation and adsorption of the herbicide in soils. Movement of carbofuran was studied by leaching the insecticide in a soil column in the laboratory. Under 40% field capacity and at 25 degrees C, more than 80% of carbofuran residue was found in both Luchu clay and Yuanlin silty clay loam after incubation for 63 days. The results indicate that the higher the moisture content in the soil, the less the carbofuran residue under the soil moisture below the field capacity. Carbofuran tends to dissipate more easily in Yuanlin soil than in Luchu soil. The distribution coefficient (Kd) with r2 of 0.69 and 0.92 for Luchu and Yuanlin soils, respectively, was found using the first-order kinetics law. In leaching experiment, carbofuran exhibited easier movement in Luchu than in Yuanlin soil. 相似文献
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39.
RK Ganju WC Hatch H Avraham MA Ona B Druker S Avraham JE Groopman 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,185(6):1055-1063
The related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK), a recently discovered member of the focal adhesion kinase family, has previously been reported to participate in signal transduction in neuronal cells, megakaryocytes, and B lymphocytes. We have found that RAFTK is constitutively expressed in human T cells and is rapidly phosphorylated upon the activation of the T cell receptor (TCR). This activation also results in an increase in the autophosphorylation and kinase activity of RAFTK. After its stimulation, there was an increase in the association of the src cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Fyn and the adapter protein Grb2. This association was mediated through the SH2 domains of Fyn and Grb2. RAFTK also co-immunoprecipitates with the SH2 domain of Lck and with the cytoskeletal protein paxillin through its COOH-terminal proline-rich domain. The tyrosine phosphorylation of RAFTK after T cell receptor-mediated stimulation was reduced by the pretreatment of cells with cytochalasin D, suggesting the role of the cytoskeleton in this process. These observations indicate that RAFTK participates in T cell receptor signaling and may act to link signals from the cell surface to the cytoskeleton and thereby affect the host immune response. 相似文献
40.
RK Achazi C Flenner DR Livingstone LD Peters K Schaub E Scheiwe 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,121(1-3):339-350
The cytochrome P450 system of the oligochaetes Eisenia f. fetida (tiger worm) and Enchytraeus crypticus (pot worm) was analysed using ethoxy-, pentoxy- and benzoxyresorufin as substrates for monooxygenase activity. Whole body microsomes of the earthworm E.f. fetida displayed PentROD activity in the range from 0.26 to 1.05 pmol mg protein-1 min-1 and BenzROD activity in the range from 0.14 to 0.30 pmol mg protein-1 min-1. Exposure of the animals for up to four weeks to 100 mg fluoranthene or benzo[a]pyrene kg-1 soil (dry weight) did not induce significant changes in the activity of these monooxygenases. In E. crypticus EROD activity was in the range from 2.10 to 6.18 pmol mg protein-1 min-1 and PentROD activity in the range from 1.75 to 4.78 pmol mg protein-1 min-1. Short-term exposure to BaP by feeding reduced the EROD activity significantly by 45%, but did not effect PentROD activity. After long-term (8 weeks) exposure to BaP in the agar-agar medium EROD activity was not changed but PentROD had decreased to zero. In both species cytochrome P420 and NADPH-cytochrome C reductase activity were present. In E.f. fetida microsomes are associated with the giant haemoglobin. Both can be separated by gel filtration on a Sepharose B2 column or by hydrophobic interaction chromatography after solubilisation with cholate. NADPH-cytochrome C reductase elutes together with haemoglobin. Cytochrome P420 is eluted with Emulgen 911 and can be further purified by ion exchange chromatography using HA-Ultrogel. By SDS-PAGE of the purified microsomal proteins three protein bands are visualised in the range of cytochrome P450 displaying an apparent molecular mass of 54, 56 and 58 kDa. Only the 54-kDa protein interacts weakly with perch (Perca fluviatilis) CYP1A antibodies, while two proteins with an apparent molecular mass of 65 and 71 kDa give a strong antibody signal. 相似文献