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131.
Da Via C. Deile M. Hasi J. Kenney C. Kok A. Parker S. Watts S. Anelli G. Avati V. Bassetti V. Boccone V. Bozzo M. Eggert K. Ferro F. Inyakin A. Kaplon J. Bahilo J.L. Morelli A. Niewiadomski H. Noschis E. Oljemark F. Oriunno M. Osterberg K. Ruggiero G. Snoeys W. Tapprogge S. 《IEEE transactions on nuclear science》2009,56(2):505-518
3D detectors with electrodes penetrating through the silicon wafer and covering the edges were tested in the SPS beam line X5 at CERN in autumn 2003. Detector parameters including efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio, and edge sensitivity were measured using a silicon telescope as a reference system. The measured sensitive width and the known silicon width were equal within less than 10 mum. 相似文献
132.
The river reach is a pervasive term within contemporary river research and applications. Yet, despite its prevalence, there is a notable lack of consistency in its definition. This paper identifies the presence of two broad types of reach definition within the academic literature, operational and functional, and argues that a functional definition is more suitable for applications within river research and management. A range of sequence zonation algorithms that were originally derived for geological well‐log analysis were compared for their ability to automatically identify functional reach boundaries. An analysis of variance‐based global boundary hunting algorithm was identified as the most suitable. To demonstrate the potential practical applications of automatic reach delineation methods, two case studies where functional reach boundaries have been identified were described: first, in a sequence of predicted sediment transport capacities for use in a reach‐based sediment transport model; and second, in a sequence of RHS Habitat Quality Assessment scores for identification of lengths of channel in need of habitat restoration efforts. Finally, the paper discusses how this type of functional reach identification procedure might be applied in other areas of river research and applications and how a multivariate version of a statistical zonation algorithm might prove useful in facilitating integrated catchment management by identifying reach boundaries common across all variables of interest in the system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
133.
An emerging trend in Canada is the creation of community energy plans, where decisions that used to be left to regional level energy agencies or private individuals are now being considered at the community level. A desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to become more energy self-sufficient is driving this change. Theoretically, local level management is desirable because it achieves these goals through improvements in the three areas of energy efficiency, energy conservation and switching to renewable energy sources. The analysis of 10 of the first community energy plans in Canadian communities, ranging in population size from 500 to one million, finds that communities are choosing policies and programs centred on increasing energy efficiency and conservation while renewable energy receives much less attention. Municipal operations were called upon to set higher targets than the general community. Communities that recognized the substantial potential of renewable energy often focused on technologies that the municipal sector could implement, such as bio-fuels for their transportation fleet. Wind, passive solar design, solar photovoltaics and solar thermal options were only recommended in a few cases. Overall, only one of the five larger communities (Calgary) recommended implementing multiple renewable energy technologies while three of the five smaller communities proposed multiple renewable energy sources. The implication is that smaller and more remote communities may be the most willing to lead in the planned introduction of renewable energy systems. 相似文献
134.
X. Ye T. Ganley J.F. Morris N. Tonmukayakul M.A. Parker 《Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering》2009,65(3-4):193-207
A uniaxial compression apparatus designed to investigate the dynamics of proppant particle packing is described. This dynamic compression device (DCD) uses a small charge of particles, approximately 3.5–7 cm3 depending upon the configuration of an experiment. The DCD allows simultaneous measurement of boundary stresses on the packing and permeability of the packing to fluid flow. Visualization of the packing at compressive stress levels up to σA = 7100 psi (49 MPa) is also demonstrated. The stresses measured are the normal stress at both walls on the axis of compression, with their difference providing a measure of the shear (or friction) force from the walls, and the transverse normal stress on one orthogonal axis, σT. Permeability may be determined by either a fixed pressure drop or fixed flow rate experiment, with results presented from the fixed pressure drop approach by imposing a small gravity head of the flowing liquid; liquid flow is gravimetrically measured.The behaviors of packings of hard particles, both uncoated and when coated with a very viscous and tacky polyamide resin, are reported. The packing materials include a ceramic material used as a proppant in hydraulic fracturing of petroleum wells, and glass beads. The proppant and glass beads have mean diameters of approximately 700 μm and 500 μm, respectively, with the proppant less spherical and more polydisperse than the glass beads. The proppant particles undergo only limited breakage up to the maximum stress imposed here. The glass beads undergo significant breakage. Protocols for the compression can be varied. The reported results use a single loading and unloading at the same speed in each segment (increasing and decreasing stress), as well as a cyclic loading of differing numbers of cycles. The rate of loading is specified and can be varied from 0.56 μm/s–1.7 mm/s, with results here focusing on the range of 1–30 μm/s. Measured stress and permeability are shown as a function of axial load and loading rate, as well as the behavior in cyclic loading. The results are shown to be highly reproducible, establishing the ability to determine the properties of a proppant pack in a small charge device with imposed deformation. The influence of the resin coating on the properties is reported.Direct visualization is one of the key features of the DCD. Local motions and overall rearrangements of particles can be monitored by digital camera. These have been presented using particle image velocimetry (PIV). 相似文献
135.
Parker James D. A.; Keefer Kateryna V.; Wood Laura M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2011,23(3):762
Although several brief instruments are available for the emotional intelligence (EI) construct, their conceptual coverage tends to be quite limited. One notable exception is the short form of the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i:S), which measures multiple EI dimensions in addition to a global EI index. Despite the unique advantage offered by the inventory, psychometric properties of the EQ-i:S scores have not yet been systematically evaluated. Such an evaluation was the main goal of the present investigation. Using data from 2,508 undergraduates, the authors conducted 2 studies involving factor structure, internal reliability, 6-month temporal stability, and construct validity of the EQ-i:S responses, both for the total EQ scale and for each constituent dimension. The results supported the multidimensional measurement structure of the EQ-i:S, with each dimension producing internally consistent, temporally stable, and theoretically meaningful responses. Scores on the EQ-i:S were associated more strongly with performance on an ability test of EI and with a conceptually similar construct of alexithymia than with the broader dimensions of basic personality and explained nontrivial amounts of incremental variance in the criterion symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Moreover, scores on each EQ-i:S dimension exhibited unique patterns of associations with the validation variables. The discussion highlights the advantages of the multidimensional approach in the assessment and study of EI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
136.
A rigorous and comparative evaluation of two biomass‐to‐gases (BtG) conversion routes was performed and, according to this outcome, it is suggested which of the options evaluated is most desirable. These options, the hydrogen and synthetic natural gas (SNG) production, were designed in Aspen Plus process simulation software. Sugar cane bagasse was considered as feedstock. Mass and energy balance data were extracted from the simulations, and consequently thermodynamic (exergy analysis), economic (financial and uncertainty analysis), and environmental (CO2 emissions) evaluations were carried out. Exergy and environmental analysis favor the SNG production while the hydrogen route provides higher profits. 相似文献
137.
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139.
Neath Karly N.; Limebeer Cheryl L.; Reilly Steve; Parker Linda A. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2010,124(3):398
Recent evidence suggests that liking and wanting of food rewards can be experimentally dissociated (e.g., Berridge, 1996); this dissociation extends to attenuated neophobia in the present study. Rats tend to eat less of a novel food than a familiar food, a phenomenon called neophobia. The present experiments evaluated whether attenuation of neophobia by prior exposure reflects enhanced liking of the flavor using the Taste Reactivity (TR) test. In Experiment 1, rats given five 10-s TR trials with water or various concentrations of saccharin solution (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%) did not show a change in the number of hedonic reactions displayed across trials. However, in a subsequent consumption test from a bottle containing 0.25% saccharin solution, rats with no prior saccharin exposure (group water) consumed less than rats with prior saccharin exposure; that is they displayed neophobia. In Experiment 2, whether rats received five 10-s TR trials with water or 0.5% saccharin solution, they did not display a difference in hedonic reactions to 0.25% saccharin solution in two 5-min TR test trials. These results suggest that the attenuation of neophobia is evidenced as an increase in the tendency to approach a bottle containing the flavored solution (wanting), but not as an enhanced liking of that solution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
140.