The influence of particles on jet breakoff

Experimental observations of the breakup of a liquid jet issuing from a vibrated nozzle support the view that particles passing through the orifice tend to create a surface disturbance which, depending on the phase relative to the nozzle vibration, may either add to or subtract from the disturbance created by the nozzle vibration. The result may be either a shortening or lengthening of the jet breakoff length, depending on phase. The implications for sorting large cells with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter are discussed.     

Experimental reproduction and antibody inhibition of marble spleen disease of pheasants

An extract of spleens from three pheasants affected with marble spleen disease was used as an intravenous inoculum to transmit the disease to pen reared pheasants (Phasianus colchicus x Phasianus torquatus). The disease was prevented by specific convalescent pheasant antiserum and by antiserum from turkeys that had recovered from hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys. The causative agent of the disease passed through 0.22 mu filters, resisted chloroform and retained its precipitin antigen quality after propagation by bird passage. Filterability, chloroform resistance, antigenic characteristics and in vivo response to antibody strongly indicate that the causative agents of marble spleen disease is a virus very similar to the virus which causes hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys.     

Hemoglobins Aida (alpha 64 Asp leads to Asn) and D-Los Angeles (beta 121 Glu leads to Gln) in an Asian-Indian family

Hemoglobins D-Los Angeles (beta 121 Gln) and Aida (alpha 64 Asn) were encountered in an Asian Indian, unassociated with any clinical manifestations. These hemoglobins had normal oxygen affinities and were stable to heat and isopropanol. The ratio of alpha chain synthesis to beta chain synthesis was close to unity. The identical change in isoelectric points of the two variants produced an interesting electrophoretic pattern.     

Response of the primate secretory endometrium to subchronic hypercortisolemia

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of subchronic and moderate hypercortisolism on the secretory endometrium of the cynomolgus monkey. METHODS: Osmotic pumps containing hydrocortisone phosphate (HP) were implanted subcutaneously in each monkey on the first day of the menstrual cycle; each monkey also received pumps containing saline in another cycle. Blood was obtained three times per week and urine was collected daily for hormone analyses. Endometriectomy was performed 13 +/- 1 days after the serum estradiol (E2) peak in each study cycle. RESULTS: Infusion of HP elevated serum cortisol levels by an average of 70%. Mean serum progesterone (P) levels were decreased by 50% during the secretory phase of HP-treatment cycles by comparison with self-control cycles (P < .01); as a result, the mean endometrial glycogen concentration was reduced by 30% (P < .05) and the activity of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was decreased by 70% (P < .05). Serum E2 levels were not consistently elevated by HP treatment, but cytosolic estrogen receptor levels of the endometrium were decreased by 50% (P < .01), indicating increased estrogenic stimulation. Histologic development of the secretory endometrium was retarded, but the length of the secretory phase was not affected by the treatment. CONCLUSION: A moderate elevation of serum cortisol levels over one menstrual cycle consistently produced a reduction in serum P and a hypoprogestogenic-hyperestrogenic response of the secretory endometrium in the cynomolgus monkey.     

A prospective evaluation of Bass, Bionator and Twin Block appliances. Part I--The hard tissues

A prospective clinical study with a random allocation of 47 adolescent patients to three different functional appliance groups was established and compared with an untreated control group over a 9-month period. Treatment was undertaken with either a Bionator, Twin Block, or Bass appliance. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were used to quantify the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes produced by the appliances and compared with those observed in the control group as a result of growth. Both the Bionator and Twin Block appliances demonstrated a statistically significant increase in mandibular length (3.9 +/- 2.7 mm; 3.7 +/- 2.1 mm, respectively) compared with the control group (P < 0.05), with an anterior movement of pogonion and point B. Highly statistically significant increases (P < 0.01) were seen in lower face heights for all the appliance groups compared with the control group. The Twin Block group showed the least forward movement of point A due to a change in the inclination of the maxillary plane. The Bionator and Twin Block groups showed statistically significant reductions in the inclination of the upper incisors to the maxillary plane (P < 0.05). The Bass group showed minimal change in the inclination of the lower labial segment to the mandibular plane. The Bionator group demonstrated the greatest proclination of the lower labial segment (4.0 +/- 3.6 degrees). Clinically important changes were measured in all the appliance groups when compared with the control group. Differences were also identified between the functional appliance groups. The Twin Block appliance and, to a lesser extent, the Bionator appeared the most effective in producing sagittal and vertical changes.     

Effect of essential and nonessential fatty acids in complex mixture on fatty acid composition of liver lipids

Linoleate, linolenate, arachidonate, docosahexenoate and six other fatty acids were major components of 24 ester preparations fed as 5% of the diet for 60 days to groups of male white rats. The experiment was designed so as to provide that all major fatty acid components were independent of each other in the sense that the intake of each was poorly correlated with the intake of any of the others. Fatty acid compositions of liver lipids were determined and were related to the composition of the diet lipids. Linolenate and docosahexaenoate contents of diet and tissue revealed the same relationships reported previously from experiments in which individual pure acid esters were added to a fat-free diet. Linoleate, when fed in lipid mixtures, was more effective in raising the linoleate concentration in liver lipids than when fed alone, but this increase did not change the shape of the dose-response curve or the estimated nutritional requirement. Large amounts of fish oil in the diet tended to depress the arachidonate concentration in tissue lipids.