Natrium-Aluminium-Silicate - Eigenschaften und Anwendungen

Sodium Aluminium Silicates - Properties and Application Sodium aluminium silicates in amorphous and crystalline form are used since many years in various technical processes. The crystalline sodium aluminium silicates, e. g. zeolites, belong to the group of structured silicates and are known for their reversible water uptake and alkaline earth exchange properties. Recently, sodium aluminium silicates have gained considerable importance since their cation exchanging ability can be utilized in washing agents for the removal of undesirable hardness of water. Thus, the polyphosphates used in washing agents can possibly be substituted. Zeolites can be supplied to the detergent industry in the form of powder or suspension. Production of the powder by spray drying does not involve special problems. Incorporation of the powder into the slurry of the detergent appears to be an anachronism from the viewpoint of energy saving. Optimization work on suspensions of zeolite yielded stable products with 45 to 48% zeolite content. The theory of critical particle concentration was applied in this work.     

On detecting co-resident cloud instances using network flow watermarking techniques

Virtualization is the cornerstone of the developing third-party compute industry, allowing cloud providers to instantiate multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single set of physical resources. Customers utilize cloud resources alongside unknown and untrusted parties, creating the co-resident threat—unless perfect isolation is provided by the virtual hypervisor, there exists the possibility for unauthorized access to sensitive customer information through the exploitation of covert side channels. This paper presents co-resident watermarking, a traffic analysis attack that allows a malicious co-resident VM to inject a watermark signature into the network flow of a target instance. This watermark can be used to exfiltrate and broadcast co-residency data from the physical machine, compromising isolation without reliance on internal side channels. As a result, our approach is difficult to defend against without costly underutilization of the physical machine. We evaluate co-resident watermarkingunder a large variety of conditions, system loads and hardware configurations, from a local laboratory environment to production cloud environments (Futuregrid and the University of Oregon’s ACISS). We demonstrate the ability to initiate a covert channel of 4 bits per second, and we can confirm co-residency with a target VM instance in $<$ 10 s. We also show that passive load measurement of the target and subsequent behavior profiling is possible with this attack. We go on to consider the detectability of co-resident watermarking, extending our scheme to create a subtler watermarking attack by imitating legitimate cloud customer behavior. Our investigation demonstrates the need for the careful design of hardware to be used in the cloud.     

Kinetics and mechanism of ?-caprolactone and l,l-lactide polymerization coinitiated with zinc octoate or aluminum acetylacetonate: The next proofs for the general alkoxide mechanism and synthetic applications

Following our previous papers on mechanism of cyclic esters' polymerization coinitiated by tin(II) octoate [tin(II) bis-(2-ethylhexanoate), (Sn(Oct)₂)] in the presence of either the low molar mass coinitiator (an alcohol, hydroxy acid, or H₂O) or a macromolecule fitted with a hydroxy end group (ROH), the present work deals with ?-caprolactone (CL) and l,l-lactide (LA) polymerizations coinitiated with zinc octoate (Zn(Oct)₂) or aluminum acetylacetonate (Al(Acac)₃). A series of kinetic measurements revealed that similarly as in the Sn(Oct)₂ coinitiated process, these polymerizations proceed by simple monomer insertion into the …Mt-OR bond, reversibly formed in the reaction -Mt-L + ROH ? …-Mt-OR + LH (where Mt = Sn, Zn or Al; L = Oct or Acac), taking place throughout the whole polymerization process. MtL_n itself does not play an active role in the polymerization. Applicability of the commercially available Zn(Oct)₂ or Al(Acac)₃ for the aliphatic polyester (10³ ≤ M_n ≤ 4 × 10⁵) synthesis is also discussed.     

What localizes beneath: A metric multisensor localization and mapping system for autonomous underground mining vehicles

Robustly and accurately localizing vehicles in underground mines is particularly challenging due to the unavailability of GPS, variable and often poor lighting conditions, visual aliasing in long tunnels, and airborne dust and water. In this paper, we present a novel, infrastructure‐less, multisensor localization method for robust autonomous operation within underground mines. The proposed method integrates with existing mine site commissioning and operation procedures and includes both an offline map‐building process and an online localization algorithm. The approach combines the strengths of visual‐based place recognition, LIDAR‐based localization, and odometry in a particle filter fusion process. We provide an extensive experimental validation using new large data sets acquired in two operational Australian underground hard‐rock mines (including a 600m‐deep multilevel mine with approximately 33 km of mapping data and 7 km of vehicle localization) by actual mining vehicles during production operations. We demonstrate a significant increase in localization accuracy over prior state‐of‐the‐art SLAM research systems and real‐time operation, with processing times in the order of 10 Hz. We present results showing a mean error of 0.68 m from the Queensland Mine data set and 1.32 m from the New South Wales Mine data set and at least 86% reduction in error compared with prior state of the art. We also analyze the impact of the particle filter parameters with respect to localization accuracy. Together this study represents a new approach to positioning systems for currently deployed autonomous vehicles within underground mine environments.     

螺旋埋弧焊管全管体扩径工艺与性能研究

随着管道建设对管材性能一致性要求的提高,以及全位置自动焊工艺对管材几何尺寸精度更高的要求,需要研究改进螺旋焊管制备工艺。开展了X80钢级Φ1 219 mm×22 mm螺旋埋弧焊管全管体扩径工艺试验,对比分析了扩径前后管体的几何尺寸、残余应力及力学性能变化。结果显示,随着扩径量的增加,管体尺寸精度大幅提高,在扩径率为0.75%时,管体不圆度降低了20%,周长一致性提高了71%,噘嘴量减少35.4%,管体切断后对应的两个管端直径差值在1 mm之内;扩径可以进一步降低管材成型焊接形成的整体内应力以及表面应力,使得螺旋埋弧焊管残余应力一定程度减小;扩径后管材强度和屈强比略有上升,韧性略有下降,管材强度的一致性大幅提高,管材相关性能指标优于设计及施工标准要求。结果表明,X80钢级Φ1 219 mm×22 mm螺旋埋弧焊管扩径工艺技术是可行的。     

The mechanical milling of Al/TiO2 composite powders

The processing of Al/TiO₂ composite powders produced by high-energy mechanical milling leads to production of a range of valuable, titanium-based materials. They include Ti(Al,O)/Al₂O₃ and Ti_xAl_y(O)/Al₂O₃ composite powders, bulk composites and Ti₃Al/TiAl alloy powders, and corresponding bulk materials. The strength of the Ti(Al,O)/Al₂O₃ and Ti_xAl_y(O)/Al₂O₃ composites is moderate, but their high-temperature oxidation resistance is exceptionally high, making the titanium-based composite powders favorable feedstock materials for protective coatings. The hardness of the Ti(Al,O)/Al₂O₃ and Ti₃Al(O)/Al₂O₃ composites is also very high (10–16 GPa). For more information, contact D.L. Zhang, University of Waikato, Waikato Centre for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials and Process Engineering, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand; 011-64-7-838-4783; fax 011-64-7-838-4835; e-mail d.zhang@waikato.ac.nz.     

Cu~(2+)对Fe~(2+)在T.f菌修饰粉末微电极上氧化行为的影响

Fe2 + 的氧化在细菌浸矿过程中具有重要作用 ,细菌浸铜过程中 ,Cu2 + 的存在对T .f菌的生长代谢和其氧化Fe2 + 的能力有一定影响。制备了T .f菌修饰碳粉粉末微电极 ,研究了Cu2 + 存在下Fe2 + 在T .f菌修饰粉末微电极上氧化的电化学反应机理 ,并测定了相应的电极过程动力学参数。循环伏安研究表明 ,Cu2 + 的存在不影响Fe2 + 在T .f菌修饰粉末微电极上的氧化反应的可逆性。对电极稳态及暂态过程研究表明 ,当Cu2 + 浓度在 12mmol/L以下时 ,Cu2 + 的存在不会抑制Fe2 + 在T .f菌修饰粉末微电极上的氧化 ,适量Cu2 + 加强T .f菌氧化Fe2 +的作用是在于其加快了电荷传递速率     

Numerical simulation of non-linear chatter vibration in turning

In this paper, basic relationships and algorithms for numerical simulation of non-linear, self-excited vibrations in single degree-of-freedom cutting systems are presented. Non-linearities due to the tool leaving the cut, as well as interference between the cutting tool clearance face and cutting surface waviness, were taken into consideration. Examples of vibration simulation results are shown.     

An improved factor based approach to precedential constraint

In this article I argue for rule-based, non-monotonic theories of common law judicial reasoning and improve upon one such theory offered by Horty and Bench-Capon. The improvements reveal some of the interconnections between formal theories of judicial reasoning and traditional issues within jurisprudence regarding the notions of the ratio decidendi and obiter dicta. Though I do not purport to resolve the long-standing jurisprudential issues here, it is beneficial for theorists both of legal philosophy and formalizing legal reasoning to see where the two projects interact.     

基于无证书公钥密码的终端安全移动支付协议

移动支付协议允许两方或多方通过公开网络安全交换电子现金和数字内容.在实现安全支付过程中,传统公钥密码学的证书管理问题和基于身份密码学的私钥托管问题均给支付协议带来弊端.因此,使用无证书密码学来解决此类问题.针对高效的移动支付协议的设计问题展开研究,提出了一个基于无对的无证书密码学的移动支付协议.协议引入了口令等信息实现终端安全,还应用了密钥协商协议生成对称加密密钥,并且该过程伴随着支付过程,以此降低协议的计算和通信代价.此外,协议还可以实现公平交换等支付安全属性.