Activity and affect: Repeated within-participant assessment in people after joint replacement surgery.

Objective: Between-participant research has shown that high negative affectivity predicts greater activity limitations and vice versa. This study examined both between- and within-participant associations of negative and positive affectivity with activity levels using ecological momentary assessment. Method: Participants were 25 people who had undergone joint replacement surgery 12 months previously. Participants made multiple reports of their activity and positive and negative affectivity over a single day using a computerized diary. Activity was also objectively recorded using an activity monitor. The following day, participants made a self-report of their activity over the measurement day and general positive and negative affectivity levels were recorded. Results: Higher self-reported walking time over the whole measurement day was associated with higher general positive affectivity but not negative affectivity. However, using ecological momentary assessment, higher diary reports of negative affectivity predicted increased activity levels while positive affectivity neither predicted nor was predicted by activity. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the importance of within-participant methodology in detecting subtle and immediate effects of individuals' mood on behavior that may differ from findings investigating between-participant effects over longer time periods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

High frequency radar and its application to fresh water

High frequency (HF) radar has become an important tool for remotely mapping the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of waves and currents of the nearshore coastal ocean. Its acceptance along ocean coasts has resulted in the development of several commercially available systems and a planned nationwide coastal network to routinely measure coastal currents. Because HF radiation is known to propagate less efficiently over fresh water than seawater, it has been largely overlooked as a viable tool for freshwater application. However, its potential utility in freshwater was clearly demonstrated by a deployment along Lake Michigan as part of the 1999–2001 Episodic Events Great Lakes Experiment. As part of this experiment, the University of Michigan Multi-frequency Coastal Radar consistently produced reliable near surface current measurements to a range of approximately 25 km offshore showing strong correlation with both in-situ measurements and numerical hind-casts. This paper provides background on HF radar technology, a summary of the current state of the art with respect to freshwater and describes the results of a recent experiment to measure the propagation of HF radar signal over freshwater using CODAR Ocean Sensors SeaSondes, operating at 5 and 42 MHz with 21 W and 90 W average radiated powers, respectively. The effective offshore range for these radars was found to be 18 km at 5 MHz and 4–5 km at 42 MHz. These findings are consistent with currently available models for the prediction of propagation loss, verifying that they can reliably be used to estimate ranges in freshwater settings.     

Rhamnose Glycoconjugates for the Recruitment of Endogenous Anti‐Carbohydrate Antibodies to Tumor Cells

Immunotherapy is a promising strategy for targeting tumors. One emerging approach is to harness the immune effector functions of natural antibodies to destroy tumor cells. Dinitrophenyl (DNP) and the galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose (αGal) epitope are two haptens that bind endogenous antibodies. One potential alternative is the deoxysugar L ‐rhamnose. We compared these candidates by using a biosensor assay to evaluate human sera for endogenous antibody concentration, antibody isotype distribution, and longevity of antibody–hapten interactions. Antibodies recognizing α‐rhamnose are of equal or greater abundance and affinity as those recognizing αGal. Moreover, both rhamnose and αGal epitopes are more effective than DNP at recruiting the IgG antibody subtype. Exposure of tumor cells to rhamnose‐bearing glycolipids and human serum promotes complement‐mediated cytotoxicity. These data highlight the utility of α‐rhamnose‐containing glycoconjugates to direct the immune system to target cells.     

Rock mass quality and preliminary analysis of the stability of ancient rock-cut Theban tombs at Sheikh ‘Abd el-Qurna,Egypt

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - The ancient Theban tombs at the hillside cemetery of Sheikh ‘Abd el-Qurna (SAQ), west of Luxor, Egypt, were excavated mainly in the...     

Optical design of a dual-polarization receiver for 220–280 GHz

A 220–280 GHz dual polarization receiver has been built for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Schottky diode mixers cooled to ～15K by a closed-cycle refrigerator are used to give DSB noise temperatures of 300K and 420K in the two channels. The optical design is based on gaussian-beam optics, and is frequency independent; it allows the significant higher order gaussian modes to propagate unhindered, thus offering the prospect of very high aperture efficiency. The receiver includes a number of novel optical components, including a completely symmetric dual polarization Martin-Puplett interferometer, used as the L.O. injection diplexer; a dielectric waveplate used as an in-line variable polarization splitter; and a dual-polarization in-line tunable Fabry-Perot SSB filter. Measurements of the performance of the optical system are presented.