Enhanced cytotoxic activity of AgNPs on retinoblastoma Y79 cell lines synthesised using marine seaweed Turbinaria ornata

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy basically occurs among children below five. Certain ocular treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are more likely to cause side effects. Here, a rapid method of synthesising silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata and its cytotoxic efficacy against the retinoblastoma Y79 cell lines was studied. The AgNPs synthesis was determined by Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and was further characterised by X‐ray diffraction, High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectroscopy techniques. The synthesised AgNPs were found to be very stable and finely dispersed. The total phenolic content of the synthesised AgNPs was estimated at 43±2.52 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and the nanoparticles exhibited good scavenging activity analysed by 2, 2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) assay. Moreover, cytotoxicity of synthesised AgNPs against in vitro retinoblastoma Y79 cell lines showed a dose‐dependent response with an inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 10.5 µg/mL. These results suggest that AgNPs could be a promising anticancer agent with enhanced activity in ocular treatment.Inspec keywords: toxicology, silver, nanoparticles, cellular biophysics, cancer, nanomedicine, nanofabrication, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, electrokinetic effects, X‐ray chemical analysis, thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectra, ultraviolet spectra, visible spectra, biomedical materials, mass spectroscopic chemical analysisOther keywords: cytotoxic activity, marine seaweed Turbinaria ornata, intraocular malignancy, silver nanoparticles, brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata, X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, EDAX, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectroscopy, phenolic content, gallic acid, scavenging activity, in vitro retinoblastoma Y79 cell lines, dose‐dependent response, inhibitory concentration, anticancer agent, 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) assay, nanotechnology‐based cancer diagnosis, ocular tumour treatment, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, Ag     

Further Results on Dissipativity Criterion for Markovian Jump Discrete-Time Neural Networks with Two Delay Components Via Discrete Wirtinger Inequality Approach

This paper is concerned with strict \((\mathcal {Q}, \mathcal {S}, \mathcal {R})-\gamma \) - dissipativity and passivity analysis for discrete-time Markovian jump neural networks involving both leakage and discrete delays expressed in terms of two additive time-varying delay components. The discretized Wirtinger inequality is utilized to bound the forward difference of finite-sum term in the Lyapunov functional. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the dissipativity and passivity criteria of the proposed neural networks. These conditions are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be efficiently solved via LMI MATLAB Toolbox. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.     

Convergence of nomadic genetic algorithm on benchmark mathematical functions

Nomadic genetic algorithm is a type of multi-population migration based genetic algorithm that gives equal importance to low fit individuals and adaptively chooses its migration parameters. It has been applied to several real life applications and found to perform well compared to other genetic algorithms. This paper exploits the working of nomadic genetic algorithm (NGA) for benchmark mathematical functions and compares it with the standard genetic algorithm. To compare its performance with standard GA (SGA), the prominent mathematical functions used in optimization are used and the results proved that NGA outperforms SGA in terms of convergence speed and better optimized values.     

Energy Efficient Message Priority Based Routing Protocol for Aquaculture Applications Using Underwater Sensor Network

Wireless Personal Communications - Aquaculture yield is determined by water characteristics of the farming area. The yield can be maximized by monitoring water parameters on a timely basis and...     

Solid–liquid extraction of terbium from phosphoric acid solutions using solvent‐impregnated resin containing TOPS 99

BACKGROUND: In this work, the solid‐liquid extraction of terbium from phosphoric acid solutions using solvent‐impregnated resin containing TOPS 99, an equivalent of di‐2‐ethylhexyl phosphoric acid, has been investigated. The parameters studied include equilibration time, acid concentration, amount of resin, metal concentration, kinetics, temperature, loading, elution, regeneration and recycling. RESULTS: FT‐IR results confirm the physical interaction of the extractant with the resin. The extraction of terbium with TOPS 99 impregnated Amberlite XAD 4 resin was acid dependent and transfer of metal follows a cation exchange mechanism. The loading capacity of TOPS 99‐impregnated resin for terbium was calculated to be 23.8 mg g^?1 resin. Controlling mechanism of the adsorption was found to be a chemical reaction following pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The endothermic nature of extraction was confirmed by temperature studies. Among the various eluants studied, H₂SO₄ was the best. Regeneration and recycling of the resin indicated the resin can be used for continuous cycles. CONCLUSIONS: Terbium was successfully extracted from phosphoric acid using TOPS 99 extractant impregnated into Amberlite XAD4 with a maximum loading of 23.8 mg g^?1 resin and fully recovered with 1 mol L^?1sulfuric acid. The resin was subjected to seven cycles of extraction and elution without any loss of performance. Further studies showed that terbium could be separated from lutetium. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

使用MIPS处理器实现高品质音频处理

诸如移动音频播放器、机顶盒(STB)、数字电视(DTV)和数字通用光盘(DVD)播放机和刻录机等消费设备，通常都是采用多功能系统芯片(SOC)来实现的。这样的SOC主要执行两种功能：应用处理和视频／音频信号处理。应用处理(或主处理)通常是通过像MIPS处理器这样的一个可编程内核实现的。     

N-type silk fibroin/TiO2 nanocomposite transparent films: electrical and optical properties

This paper highlights the effect of different concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on the electrical and optical properties of silk fibroin (SF). TiO₂ based SF nanocomposite films were prepared using the solvent casting method. Uniform dispersion and agglomeration of nanoparticles, in nanocomposite films, were observed by field emission SEM. The conductivity of pure SF and nanocomposite films was determined by a four-point probe and the TiO₂ nanoparticles were found to bring high conductivity to the nanocomposite films. Dielectric strength improved with the addition of nanoparticles to the SF matrix. Dielectric constant and capacitance of the pure SF and nanocomposite films were measured using an LCR meter, which showed a 10-fold enhancement on the addition of nanoparticles in SF. A very unusual property, i.e. negative resistance, was observed during LCR meter analysis for the nanocomposite films for a particular range of frequency (200–550 kHz), voltage (1 V) and current (0.5–1.5 μA). TiO₂ nanoparticles changed the semiconducting behavior of the SF films from p-type to n-type as measured by the Hall effect experiment. The optical properties of pure SF and nanocomposite films were measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. The increased concentration of nanoparticles in the SF has effectively enhanced the absorbing coefficient, refractive index and percentage transmittance and reduced the bandgap energy. These SF/TiO₂ nanocomposite films have shown the potential to be used as dielectric and high refractive index material for optoelectronics applications. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.     

Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide Modified Montmorillonite-Doped Tasar Silk Fibroin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend 3D Nanowebs for Tissue Engineering Applications

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified montmorillonite (MMT) clay (CTAB-MT) doped, tasar silk fibroin-polyvinyl alcohol blend-based 3D nanowebs are generated through electrospinning technique. The morphological analysis reveals the formation of interlinked 3D nanoweb-like architecture and high surface roughness through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The existence of CTAB-MT in nanowebs is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and complete exfoliation of clay in the polymer blend matrix along with the altered crystallinity of samples is indicated in X-ray diffraction. The incorporation of CTAB-MT clay has shown the enhancement of thermal and mechanical properties of nanoweb samples while the water uptake capacity is reduced and enzymatic biodegradability is found to slow down. The samples present excellent biocompatibility with no cytotoxicity in the Alamar blue assay and high attachment as well as spreading of L929 fibroblast cells covering the entire surface as observed in SEM. The CTAB-MT clay has imparted the samples with good antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains. The aforementioned properties of these CTAB-MT clay doped 3D nanowebs direct toward their suitability as a potential candidate for tissue engineering applications in the biomedical field.     

Mapping the research landscape of Covid-19 from social sciences perspective: a bibliometric analysis

Scientometrics - COVID-19 has emerged as a widely researched topic and the academia has taken interest in the effects of COVID-19 in various sectors of human life and society. Most of the...     

Characterization of mechanical properties and three‐body abrasive wear of functionally graded aluminum LM25/titanium carbide metal matrix composite

Several engineering components require location specific performance under operating conditions. A compositional/microstructural gradient can provide the performance required at specific locations and these materials were named as functionally graded materials. Functionally graded aluminium metal matrix composites were generally established for the tribo‐components where high wear resistance was a necessity. Reports on three body abrasive wear behaviour of functionally graded materials was limited to date. In the present work, a new functionally graded system comprising aluminium/titanium carbide (10 wt%) was produced through stir casting route followed by centrifugal casting technique and its three body abrasive wear behaviour was investigated. Hollow cylindrical part with the dimensions of length 150 mm, outer diameter 150 mm and thickness 16 mm was obtained. Microstructural study was performed on outer (1 mm) and inner surface (13 mm) to analyze the compositional gradient across the thickness of the functionally graded composite. Hardness was measured on different surfaces along the radial distance from outer periphery and tensile test was conducted on the outer and inner zone. Abrasive wear test was conducted on different surfaces of the functionally graded composite under various loads and speeds at constant time. The microstructural results revealed that particle segregation was more at the outer surface and less at the inner surface. Wear test results showed that increase in wear rate was obtained with increase of load and decrease in wear rate was obtained with increase of speed. The outer surfaces of the functionally graded composite had greater mechanical properties and better wear resistance compared to other surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was done on the abraded surfaces and observed wear mechanisms were interpreted.