Posttraining shifts in the overshadowing stimulus–unconditioned stimulus interval alleviates the overshadowing deficit.

Two conditioned lick suppression experiments explored the effects on overshadowing of a posttraining change in the temporal relationship between the overshadowing conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US). Rats received either trace (Experiment 1) or delay (Experiment 2) overshadowing training. Then pairings of the overshadowing CS and US were given with either a trace or delay temporal relationship. Overshadowing was alleviated by shifting the overshadowing CS–US temporal relationship so that it no longer matched the overshadowed CS–US temporal relationship. These outcomes are explicable in terms of an integration of the comparator hypothesis, which states that cue competition effects (e.g., overshadowing) will be maximal when the information potentially conveyed by competing CSs is equivalent, and the temporal coding hypothesis, which states that CS–US intervals are part of the information encoded during conditioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The amygdala's role in long-term declarative memory for gist and detail.

In humans, the emotional nature of stimuli appears to have a complex influence on long-term declarative memory for those stimuli: Whereas emotion enhances memory for gist, it may suppress memory for detail. On the basis of prior studies, the authors hypothesized that the amygdala helps mediate the above 2 effects. Long-term memory for gist and for visual detail of aversive and neutral scenes was assessed in 20 subjects with unilateral amygdala damage and 1 rare subject with bilateral amygdala damage. Comparisons with 2 control groups (15 brain-damaged and 47 healthy) provided evidence that bilateral, but not unilateral, damage to the amygdala results in poorer memory for gist but superior memory for visual details. The pattern of findings provides preliminary support for the idea that the amygdala may help filter the encoding of relevant information from stimuli that signal threat or danger. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Color variability of wine in a glass and general comments on contrast effects

When red wines are tilted in a glass wine sampler and observed in strong light against a neutral background, the thinner parts appear a shorter wavelength red than the thicker ones. It is discussed whether these hue‐shifts, associated with thickness changes, are attributable to simultaneous contrast effects (Bezold–Brucke and Abney effects) or can be detected by conventional instrumental color measurement by spectroradiometer or spectrophotometer (assuming Bouguer's law). The reported hue‐shifts at different thicknesses appear to be attributable to both physical‐chemical changes and contrast effects. This discussion is in three parts: (1) Color variability of wine in a glass and general comments on contrast effects by Ralph W. Pridmore, (2) Color coordinates of wine samples with different thicknesses by Rafael Huertas, Manuel Melgosa, and Angel I. Negueruela, and (3) Final Comment by Ralph W. Pridmore. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 146–152, 2005     

Association Among Parental Substance Use Disorder, P300 Amplitude, and Neurobehavioral Disinhibition in Preteen Boys at High Risk for Substance Use Disorder.

The P300 amplitude of the event-related potential as a mediator of the association between parental substance use disorder (SUD) and child's neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed. The P300 amplitude was recorded using an oddball task in sons of fathers having either lifetime SUD (n = 105) or no psychiatric disorder (n = 160). Neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed using measures of affect regulation, behavior control, and executive cognitive function. Parental SUD and child's P300 amplitude accounted for, respectively, 16.6% and 16.8% of neurobehavioral disinhibition variance. Controlling for parental and child psychopathology, an association between parental SUD and child's P300 amplitude was not observed. It was concluded that the P300 amplitude does not mediate the association between parental SUD and child's neurobehavioral disinhibition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the Contributions to the Materials Science Aspects of Phosphazene Chemistry by Professor Christopher W. Allen: The One-Pot Synthesis of Linear Polyphosphazenes

Summary The wide range of applications for the phosphazene compounds has stimulated a major research effort involving several industrial, academic, and national laboratories over the past 40 years. One of Professor Allen’s research areas was to establish fundamental synthetic methods for the commercial preparation of phosphazene polymers, investigate their properties, and develop useful products. In this paper we review some of the materials science aspects of Professor Allen’s research including recent advances on the preparation and polymerization of Cl₃PNP(O)Cl₂. This work, in particular, has led to a route for the “one-pot” synthesis of stable linear poly(organophosphazenes) as demonstrated through the formation of poly[bis-(2-methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP) and a phosphazene heteropolymer (HPP) containing a balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components that allow for control and molecular affinities. The authors would like to dedicate this paper to Professor Christopher W. Allen in honor of his significant contributions to phosphazene chemistry. Furthermore, the authors thank him for his counsel and friendship in the development of the “one pot” phosphazene synthesis discussed in this paper.     

Synthesis of CdZnTeSe single crystals for room temperature radiation detector fabrication: mitigation of hole trapping effects using a convolutional neural network

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - In this article, we report the growth of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te0.97Se0.03 (CZTS) wide bandgap semiconductor single crystals for room temperature...     

Acoustic Emission Source Localization in Ring Gears from Wind Turbine Planetary Gearboxes

Forschung im Ingenieurwesen - Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis are methods to achieve a higher reliability for complex mechanical systems. Due to the ability of acoustic emission...