Large-scale production of bioactive ingredients as supplements for healthy human and animal nutrition

In this review, synthetic strategies and the development of environmentally benign methods for the production of economically important vitamins, carotenoids, and nutraceuticals used as food and feed supplements are illustrated by selected examples. The application of efficient catalytic transformations in multi-step chemical syntheses of such natural products enables technically feasible and cost-effective processes. For the preparation of fat-soluble (isoprenoid) vitamins A and E and the water-soluble vitamin (+)-biotin, homogeneous metal catalysis, including enantioselective transformations, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis serve as key methodologies. In the area of carotenoids, general building concepts and coupling methods for the total synthesis of beta-carotene and astaxanthin are discussed. Biotechnological methods and isolation from natural sources are also employed successfully, as exemplified for the xanthophyll lutein and the antioxidant (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Lastly, key steps of the chemical synthesis of the polyphenol resveratrol are highlighted.     

Comparative study using different infrared zones of the solventless activation of organic reactions

In this work, the results of a study comparing the use of irradiation from different regions of the infrared spectrum for the promotion of several organic reactions, are presented and discussed. This use of eco-conditions provides a green approach to chemical synthesis. A set of ten different organic reactions were evaluated, including the Knoevenagel, Hantzsch, Biginelli and Meldrum reactions. It is important to highlight the use of a commercial device that produces infrared irradiation in the near infrared region and its distribution by convection providing heating uniformity, significantly reducing reaction times, achieving good yields and proceeding in the absence of solvent. It is also worth noting that a variety of different reactions may be performed at the same time. Finally, the products obtained were identified using TLC, together with corresponding MS-data, complementarily in comparison of NMR (1)H and (13)C data with literature information.     

源于《化工原理》的《食品工程原理》教材编写创新研究

针对国内《食品工程原理》本科教材编写的现状,我们提出了需要创新编写思路的问题,从借鉴国际先进的教育指导思想、采用新主线系统化和简化内容、融合创造意识、融合现代计算技术四方面考虑,探索了《食品工程原理》教材编写创新的可能途径。借鉴国际先进的教育指导思想、融合现代计算技术以学习国际先进经验达到编写出新;采用新主线系统化和简化内容、融合创造意识则是主动创新,两者结合可以编写出新的《食品工程原理》教材。     

Facile preparation of water-soluble fluorescent gold nanoclusters for cellular imaging applications

We report a facile strategy to synthesize water-soluble, fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) in one step by using a mild reductant, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC). A zwitterionic functional ligand, D-penicillamine (DPA), as a capping agent endowed the AuNCs with excellent stability in aqueous solvent over the physiologically relevant pH range. The DPA-capped AuNCs displayed excitation and emission bands at 400 and 610 nm, respectively; the fluorescence quantum yield was 1.3%. The effect of borohydride reduction on the optical spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the AuNC luminescence is closely related to the presence of Au(I) on their surfaces. In a first optical imaging application, we studied internalization of the AuNCs by live HeLa cells using confocal microscopy with two-photon excitation. A cell viability assay revealed good biocompatibility of these AuNCs. Our studies demonstrate a great potential of DPA-stabilized AuNCs as fluorescent nanoprobes in bioimaging and related applications.     

Transition metal-carboryne complexes: synthesis, bonding, and reactivity

The construction and transformation of metal-carbon (M-C) bonds constitute the central themes of organometallic chemistry. Most of the work in this field has focused on traditional M-C bonds involving tetravalent carbon: relatively little attention has been paid to the chemistry of nontraditional metal-carbon (M-C(cage)) bonds, such as carborane cages, in which the carbon is hypervalent. We therefore initiated a research program to study the chemistry of these nontraditional M-C(cage) bonds, with a view toward developing synthetic methodologies for functional carborane derivatives. In this Account, we describe our results in constructing and elucidating the chemistry of transition metal-carboryne complexes. Our work has shown that the M-C(cage) bonds in transition metal-carboranyl complexes are generally inert toward electrophiles, and hence significantly different from traditional M-C bonds. This lack of reactivity can be ascribed to steric effects resulting from the carboranyl moiety. To overcome this steric problem and to activate the nontraditional M-C(cage) bonds, we prepared a series of group 4 and group 10 transition metal-carboryne complexes (where carboryne is 1,2-dehydro-o-carborane), because the formation of metallacyclopropane opens up the coordination sphere and creates ring strain, facilitating the reactions of M-C(cage) bonds with electrophiles. Structural and theoretical studies on metal-carboryne complexes suggest that the bonding interaction between the metal atom and the carboryne unit is best described as a resonance hybrid of the M-C σ and M-C π bonds, similar to that observed in metal-benzyne complexes. The nickel-carboryne complex (η(2)-C(2)B(10)H(10))Ni(PPh(3))(2) can (i) undergo regioselective [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with 2 equiv of alkyne to afford benzocarboranes, (ii) react with 1 equiv of alkene to generate alkenylcarborane coupling products, and (iii) also undergo a three-component [2 + 2 + 2] cyclotrimerization with 1 equiv of activated alkene and 1 equiv of alkyne to give dihydrobenzocarboranes. The reaction of carboryne with alkynes is also catalyzed by Ni species. Subsequently, a Pd/Ni co-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,3-dehydro-o-carborane with 2 equiv of alkyne was developed, leading to the efficient formation of C,B-substituted benzocarboranes in a single process. In contrast, the zirconium-carboryne species, generated in situ from Cp(2)Zr(μ-Cl)(μ-C(2)B(10)H(10))Li(OEt(2))(2), reacts with only 1 equiv of alkyne or polar unsaturated organic substrates (such as carbodiimides, nitriles, and azides) to give monoinsertion metallacycles, even in the presence of excess substrates. The resultant five-membered zirconacyclopentenes, incorporating a carboranyl unit, are an important class of intermediates for the synthesis of a variety of functionalized carboranes. Transmetalation of zirconacyclopentenes with other metals, such as Ni and Cu, was also found to be a very useful tool for various chemical transformations. Studies of metal-carboryne complexes remain a relatively young research area, particularly in comparison to the rich literature of metal-benzyne complexes. Other transition metal-carborynes are expected to be prepared and structurally characterized as the field progresses, and the results detailed here will further that effort by providing easy access to a wide range of functionalized carborane derivatives.     

城市景观水系混凝除磷试验研究

通过混凝除磷试验考察了不同混凝剂对微污染的校园景观水系中痕量磷的去除效果及其影响因素,同时研究了硫酸亚铁强化混凝对水中不同形态磷的去除效果及聚丙烯酰胺的助凝作用.小试结果表明硫酸亚铁的除磷效果最好,最适投加质量浓度为8 mg/L,最佳pH为7,在投加质量浓度为2mg/L时就能将水体中各形态的磷有效去除.示范工程运行结果...     

异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯无规共聚物的合成与表征

以二枯基氯/四氯化钛/2,6 -二叔丁基吡啶为引发体系,在-80℃条件下采用正离子聚合法合成了异丁烯-对甲基苯乙烯无规共聚物(IB -co -p - MeSt),研究了不同单体投料比(摩尔比)下聚合反应的特征,并通过示差折光指数仪/多角激光光散射仪/紫外检测器、核磁共振氢谱、差示扫描量热法和热重分析对无规共聚物进行了表...     

储运自动化系统在惠炼的应用

随着炼油化工产品产量逐年提高和行业发展,储运自动化能够为企业经营管理提供最主要的核心业务数据;但是目前储运自动化程度较低,基本还处于起步阶段。中海惠州炼油全厂的所有储运信息都在中心控制室的DCS上进行集中监视和控制,主要包括罐区数据采集、罐信息管理、油品移动管理等功能模块。     

胺与甲酸氮甲酰化反应催化剂的研究

氮甲酰化反应是有机合成化学中的重要反应,而催化剂的选择是氮甲酰化反应的关键所在。文章综述了无机氧化物,聚合物PEG-400,Lewis酸,树脂AmberliteIR-120,无机盐。VBl催化合成氮甲酰化产物的研究成果。不同的催化剂在活性、选择性、稳定性等方面各有特点,其中绿色高效可回收利用的催化剂是该领域的主要研究方向。     

碱-等离子体处理涤纶织物的时效性研究

将涤纶织物分别进行30,60,90℃的碱处理后再进行等离子体处理,探讨了碱预处理对等离子体处理效果的时效性的影响;测定处理后纤维的润湿、芯吸和染色等性能以及放置过程中的性能变化,并对纤维的微观形态及其表面化学成分进行了表征。结果表明:经碱-等离子体联合处理后,涤纶织物的润湿、芯吸和染色等性能的提高较经单独等离子体处理更显著,且在放置过程中织物性能的衰减较单独等离子体处理减缓;碱预处理使等离子体处理的时效性得到改善。