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961.
X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the transformation during heat treatment from amorphous to crystalline phases of bismuth-borate glass samples takes place in sequences. After a short heat treatment, 5 min at 550 °C, a layered structure with a preferred orientation of crystallites on the surface is observed. After a long heat treatment, 8 h at the same temperature, normal polycrystalline bulk samples are obtained. 相似文献
962.
The effect of varying normalising and hardening temperatures on the prior austenite grain size in a low alloy Cr–Mo–Ni–V steel
has been examined. An initial relative insensitivity of grain size to increasing austenitising temperature was observed followed
by a sudden growth of grains at approximately 1000 °C. A detailed study of the precipitates in the steel showed the presence
of a bimodal size distribution of vanadium carbides. The grain size increase is attributed to a decrease in volume fraction
and an increase in size of V4C3 particles with increasing temperature. 相似文献
963.
V. Thomas Paul S. Saroja P. Hariharan A. Rajadurai M. Vijayalakshmi 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(14):5700-5713
This paper presents the results of a study on the microstructural and microchemical variations in a multipass Gas Tungsten
Arc weld (GTAW) of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel. The changes brought about in the steel due to the heating and cooling cycles during
welding and the subsequent effects due to reheating effects during multipass welding are described. Detailed analytical transmission
electron microscopy has been carried to study the type and composition of the primary and secondary phases in this steel.
The systematic changes in microstructural parameters such as Prior Austenite Grain Size, martensite lath size, number density,
size and microchemistry of carbides, have been understood based on the different transformations that the steel undergoes
during the heating and cooling process. Based on the observed microstructure, an attempt has been made to identify distinct
microstructural zones and possible thermal cycles experienced by different regions of the weldment. 相似文献
964.
The present study concerns the effect of copper additions on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of directly
quenched Ti–B steels. Ti and B are added as microalloying elements with an aim of achieving adequate austenite hardenability
and Cu is added to retard the austenite (γ) → ferrite (α) transformation. Therefore, the microalloying and Cu additions together allow the transformation of austenite to occur at
a lower temperature, resulting in a finer microstructure containing martensitic constituents. The direct-quenching route is
adopted with an aim of facilitating the nucleation of the constituent phases from the deformed austenite. In order to circumvent
the hot-shortness due to the Cu addition, 0.79 wt% Ni has been added to one of the 1.5 wt% Cu microalloyed steels. The present
study has demonstrated that the Ni-containing 1.5Cu–Ti–B steel is capable of providing an attractive combination of strength
and ductility comparable to the high strength varieties of HSLA steels in directly quenched condition. 相似文献
965.
966.
On structural and high temperature electrochemical properties of ZrO2 thin film coating on Zr metal produced by carbonate melt 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Melt of NaCO3 can favor oxidation of Zr to form ZrO2 thin film on Zr surface, which is used to make Zr/ZrO2 oxidation/reduction electrode of pH sensor for testing elevated temperature aqueous solutions. Using SEM, EPMA, XPS, EXAFS
and HRTEM, we found that ZrO2 film is tightness and solid with 20 μm thickness composed by nanometer-sized monoclinic crystals. Zr/ZrO2 interface is characterized of zoning structure according to topography and chemical composition in five zones: oxygen-rich
ZrO2, ZrO2, oxygen-rich Zr metal, oxygen-bearing Zr and Zr from outmost to center. Melt oxidation process of Zr involved oxidation time,
air and temperature. The air is important effect on structural and electrochemical properties of ZrO2 thin film for making elevate temperature electrochemical sensor. If oxygen air largely presented in carbonate melting process,
ZrO2 thin film is not tightness and not for oxidation/reduction electrode. 相似文献
967.
Dielectric relaxation behaviour of (1 − x)PMN − xPZ, for x = 0.10, 0.30 and 0.40 have been studied. The nature of relaxational behaviour was found to change with PZ concentration.
A crossover from a static freezing to critical slowing down like behaviour is observed with increase in Zr4+ concentration. We have used Glazounov and Tangastev criterion to distinguish freezing and critical slowing down like behaviour. 相似文献
968.
U. Rambabu N. R. Munirathnam T. L. Prakash B. Vengalrao S. Buddhudu 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(22):9262-9266
High purity gallium oxide nanopowders have been synthesized by using a simple precipitation technique with calcination at
elevated temperature. From the X-ray pattern, the phase purity of the synthesized powders was confirmed as β-Ga2O3. Elemental quantification (stoichiometry) of Ga2O3 was also examined from the X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDAX). Based on the recorded Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
spectrum of Ga2O3, the IR bands due to Ga–O bond and crystal lattice vibrations have been identified in the wavenumber range 400–4,000 cm−1. From the measured SEM images, it is obvious to notice that the pH value has been playing a dominant role in obtaining morphologically
different gallium oxide nanopowders. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals 8.3% of weight loss when the sample was heated to
the temperature of 1,100 °C from the room temperature, which also shows a crystalline phase transformation. It is very interesting
to report that a broad blue emission at 455 nm has been measured from the synthesized gallium oxide nanopowders. 相似文献
969.
The aim of the present paper is to review the recent progress in the synthesis of in situ particle reinforced aluminum composites
using thermal, mechanical and combined mechanical-thermal activation of aluminothermic reduction reactions. The combination
of combustion synthesis (CS) and mechanosynthesis (MS) is the most recent development in the processing of advanced materials
like micro and nano aluminum based composites. The combined mechanical thermal synthesis (MTS) has widened the possibilities
for both CS and MS. MTS holds great potential for commercial viability and offers exciting processing route for the synthesis
of advanced materials. Enhanced reaction kinetics and extended concentration limits in MTS are demonstrated by illustrating
the synthesis of aluminum based nanocomposite involving Al–CeO2. 相似文献
970.