A simple flotation and McMaster method (author's transl)

A simple and hygienic flotation and McMaster method is described (cf. Fig. 1): The faeces sample (3-5 gm) is mixed with flotation fluid (40-60 ml) in a disposable plastic cup (cup I) and a circular piece of gauze, with a diameter equivalent to twice the height of the cup plus the diameter of its base, is placed over the cup. By a similar cup (cup II), with the bottom cut off and slits made in the side, the gauze is pressed down in cup I. By this procedure the faeces suspension will be filtered through the gauze and appear in cup II. After 10 minutes some drops after transferred from the surface of the filtrate to a slide by means of a test tube, which is dipped to the bottom of the filtrate and quickly moved over to the slide. The optimal procedure was worked out with faeces containing faeces containing eggs of Ostertagia ostertagi. Saturated sodium chloride with 50 g glucose per 100 ml was found to be a suitable flotation fluid for demonstrating eggs of commonly occurring parasites, e.g., trichostronglyids and ascarids. The described flotation technique is more efficacious than the one hitherto employed. The technique is usable also in connection with a McMaster method: 4 gm. faeces are suspended in 56 ml flotation fluid. Immediately following filtration, filtrate is transferred to a McMaster counting chamber by means of a Pasteur pipette.     

Hydrogen-induced microelectronic capacitor failure in pacemakers

Ceramic chip capacitors used in hybrid microelectronics for cardiac pacemakers are usually highly reliable. However, under certain conditions of capacitor construction, capacitor materials, mounting techniques, and environmental conditions, high failure rates may occur. A specific example is presented in which a ceramic capacitor used in an implanted pacemaker delaminated and failed approximately 30 days after being implanted. The failed capacitor caused a pulse rate rise, but due to circuit design techniques, the rate increase was limited to an acceptable value. The capacitor that failed was from an isolated lot of capacitors that was manufactured using pure palladium plates. The circuit containing this capacitor was hermetically sealed within a titanium case by welding. During the welding, a small amount of hydrogen was released from the titanium which, over a period of 2 to 4 weeks, was absorbed by the palladium plates in the capacitor. By absorbing the hydrogen, the palladium plates exhibit a volumetric expansion of sufficient magnitude to crack and delaminate the capacitor to the point of failure. Subsequently, the recurrence of this failure mode has been avoided by using capacitors containing special palladium alloys that cannot absorb hydrogen. This phenomenon is of interest to pacemaker designers since mercury batteries used in conventional pacemakers generate large amounts of hydrogen and potentially may be responsible for complications when used in conjunction with capacitors containing palladium.     

基于蛋白质组学技术研究秦川牛肉宰后贮藏过程中肌红蛋白含量及其衍生物转化

本实验采用4D-非标记蛋白质组学技术研究秦川牛肉贮藏过程中(0～8d)肌红蛋白含量及其衍生物的转化情况,阐释冷却秦川牛肉中肌红蛋白含量及其衍生物转化的分子机制.结果表明:贮藏过程中,肌红蛋白表达量在宰后0～4 d上升、4～8 d下降,利用非标记蛋白质组学技术鉴定出与肌红蛋白及其衍生物相关的差异蛋白14种,具体包括代谢酶...     

沙葱总黄酮水洗组分的体外抗炎活性

本实验在体外应用脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides,LPS）诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞建立炎症模型的基础上,探讨沙葱总黄酮水洗组分的体外抗炎活性。应用CCK-8法检测0、50、100、200、400、800 μg/mL沙葱总黄酮水洗组分对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞增殖活力的影响;将细胞分为空白对照组、LPS应激模型组及不同质量浓度沙葱总黄酮水洗组分预处理组,采用Griess法及酶联免疫吸附测定法分别测定各处理组细胞上清液中NO浓度和肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-10的质量浓度,反转录实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测各处理组细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、髓样分化蛋白（myeloid differential protein,MyD）88、核因子 κB（nuclear factor κB,NF-κB）mRNA的表达水平。结果显示：与对照组相比,沙葱总黄酮水洗组分在50～800 μg/mL时对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞无明显细胞毒性作用。与LPS应激模型组相比,沙葱总黄酮水洗组分能够极显著抑制促炎介质NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6质量浓度及其mRNA的表达（P＜0.01或P＜0.001）;高度显著提高抗炎细胞因子IL-10质量浓度及其mRNA的表达（P＜0.001）,且呈剂量依赖效应;极显著降低MyD88、NF-κB mRNA的表达水平（P＜0.01或P＜0.001）。由此得出,沙葱总黄酮水洗组分对LPS诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞具有抗炎作用,其抗炎活性可能是通过抑制促炎性介质NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的分泌并提高抗炎性细胞因子IL-10的质量浓度实现的,其作用机制可能与NF-κB信号通路有关。     

番茄红素菌体粉的安全毒理学评价

以三孢布拉氏霉为菌种,对其发酵制备的番茄红素菌体粉的经口急性毒性、遗传毒性及短期毒性等进行了研究。结果表明:番茄红素菌体粉经口最大耐受量(MTD)大于18g·kg-1,毒性分级为无毒级;Ames实验、小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变实验、小鼠精子畸形实验均表明番茄红素菌体粉无明显遗传毒性;30d短期喂养各组小鼠无异常症状,无死亡,其对小鼠的体重增长、血常规、血生化、脏器系数均无显著的影响。揭示了番茄红素菌体粉有较好的安全性,为番茄红素菌体粉直接应用成保健食品等提供理论依据。     

QJ系列羊肚菌品种氨基酸特征评价

以自主选育的QJ系列羊肚菌品种为试验材料,通过检测子实体氨基酸组成及含量,明确氨基酸营养特征。使用联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO）/世界卫生组织（World Health Organization,WHO）标准模式谱、系统聚类分析和主成分分析等方法对氨基酸进行全面评价。结果表明,系列品种总体表现为氨基酸种类丰富、必需氨基酸种类齐全的基本特征。其中标准模式谱评价可知QJ-10、QJ-12 明显优于其他品种,QJ-9 是系列品种中必需氨基酸营养价值最高的品种。聚类分析将系列品种分为4 类,第一类为氨基酸总量高、呈味氨基酸丰富,包括QJ-3、QJ-6、QJ-8 和QJ-9。主成分分析结果表明,各品种氨基酸综合得分由高到低为QJ-6、QJ-8、QJ-9、QJ-12、QJ-3、QJ-7、QJ-10、QJ-2,其中QJ-6 羊肚菌综合得分最高,为0.38。该研究结果为进一步丰富QJ系列羊肚菌基础研究数据,为羊肚菌品种的差异化开发提供参考。