Simplified characterization of uniaxial and biaxial nonlinearoptical crystals: a plea for standardization of nomenclature andconventions

Standards which eliminate ambiguity in reporting nonlinear phenomena, especially in the increasingly complex realm of biaxial crystals, are proposed. In order to restore uniformity to the designation of crystallographic axes and crystal tensor properties, adoption of IEEE/ANSI Std. 176, with a small but much needed modification for crystal class mm2, is recommended. For the reporting of nonlinear interaction characteristics, other frames are proposed which result in simpler rules than heretofore given for categorizing phase-matching loci, and for characterizing eigenmode polarizations, double refraction, effective nonlinear coupling, and first- and second-order acceptance bandwidths (angular, spectral, thermal) along these loci. Similarities as well as differences between biaxial and uniaxial crystals are emphasized     

Adolescent psychopathology: II. Psychosocial risk factors for depression.

In a prospective study of adolescent depression, adolescents (N?=?1,508) were assessed at Time 1 and after 1 yr (Time 2) on psychosocial variables hypothesized to be associated with depression. Most psychosocial variables were associated with current (n?=?45) depression. Formerly depressed adolescents (n?=?217) continued to differ from never depressed controls on many of the psychosocial variables. Many of the depression-related measures also acted as risk factors for future depression (n?=?112), especially past depression, current other mental disorders, past suicide attempt, internalizing behavior problems, and physical symptoms. Young women were more likely to be, to become, and to have been depressed. Controlling for the psychosocial variables eliminated the gender difference for current and future but not for past depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)