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31.
Seven hundred three members of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology indicated agreement or disagreement with 49 propositions regarding cognitive ability tests in organizations. There was consensus that cognitive ability tests are valid and fair, that they provide good but incomplete measures, that different abilities are necessary for different jobs, and that diversity is valuable. Items dealing with the unique status of cognitive ability were most likely to generate polarized opinions. A 2-factor model, classifying items as those reflecting societal concerns over the consequences of ability testing and those reflecting an emphasis on the unique status of "g," fit the data well, and these factors proved especially important for predicting responses to the more controversial items. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Fast atom bombardment ionization with tandem mass spectrometry of both positive and negative ions is a useful technique for the identification of intact glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) phospholipids, providing information as to polar head group and fatty acyl substituents. In the identification of GPE molecular species, positive ion neutral loss scanning for 141 units was attempted to confirm the presence of the phosphoethanolamine polar head group. This scan was found to discriminate against the abundant subclass of phospholipids having an 1-O-alk-1'-enyl linkage, termed plasmalogens, as well as 1-O-alkyl ether species. The neutral loss process is suggested to involve attack of a carbonyl oxygen from either sn-1 or sn-2 on the sn-3 methylene carbon with loss of neutral phosphoethanolamine. Using FAB/MS/MS alone, it is not possible to differentiate between plasmalogens and other 1-O-alkyl ether molecular species having the same molecular weight. The combination of mild acid hydrolysis, which selectively hydrolyzes the labile 1-O-alk-1'-enyl bond, with subsequent FAB/MS/MS distinguished species of these distinct subclasses. Using these techniques and precursor ion scans for the arachidonoyl carboxylate anion, m/z 303, the arachidonic acid containing glycerophosphoethanolamine molecular species were identified and the relative abundance of arachidonoyl plasmalogen, alkylacyl, and 1,2-diacyl GPE molecular species in the human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (neutrophil) was determined to be 75.4%, 12.1%, and 12.5%, respectively. These values were not significantly different from that reported in the literature using conventional methodology. 相似文献
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The objective of this study is to analyze volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in Taiwan's drinking water supply. Focusing on Taiwan's three major metropolitan areas--Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung (in the north, middle and south, respectively)--171 samples were taken from tap water and 68 from boiled water. Tests showed VOC concentrations were highest in Kaohsiung. This is due to different water sources and methods of treatment. Except for bromoform, trihalomethane (THM) concentrations were highest. Detection rates of toluene and 1,2-dichloroethane were slightly higher than other VOC compounds. VOC concentrations decreased significantly after water was boiled. THMs had a removal rate from 61% to 82%. The authors conclude that the three metropolitan areas contain significantly different levels of VOCs and that boiling can significantly reduce the presence of VOCs. Other sources of pollution that contaminate drinking water such as industrial plants and gas stations must be further investigated. 相似文献
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Hyperdynamic circulation of cirrhotic rats: role of substance P and its relationship to nitric oxide
CJ Chu FY Lee SS Wang FY Chang YT Tsai HC Lin MC Hou SL Wu CC Tai SD Lee 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,32(8):841-846
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that excessive formation of nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for the hyperdynamic circulation observed in portal hypertension. Substance P is a neuropeptide partly cleared by the liver and causes vasodilatation through the activation of the endothelial NO pathway. However, there are no previously published data concerning the plasma level of substance P in cirrhotic rats and its relationship to NO. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of substance P and nitrate/nitrite (an index of NO production) were determined in control rats and cirrhotic rats with or without ascites using an enzyme-linked immununosorbent assay and a colorimetric assay, respectively. In addition, systemic and portal hemodynamics were evaluated by a thermodilution technique and catheterization. RESULTS: Cirrhotic rats with and without ascites had a lower systemic vascular resistance (2.6 +/- 0.2 and 3.9 +/- 0.4 mmHg ml(-1) x min x 100 g body weight, respectively) and higher portal pressure (14.6 +/- 0.6 and 11.3 +/- 1.8 mmHg) than control rats (6.5 +/- 0.3 mmHg x ml(-1) x min x 100 g BW and 6.8 +/- 0.2 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.05), and cirrhotic rats with ascites had the lowest systemic vascular resistance. Plasma levels of nitrate/nitrite progressively increased in relation to the severity of liver dysfunction (control rats, 2.7 +/- 0.5 nmol/ml; cirrhotic rats without ascites, 5.6 +/- 1.3 nmol/ml; cirrhotic rats with ascites, 8.3 +/- 2.2 nmol/ml; P < 0.05). Cirrhotic rats with ascites displayed higher plasma values of substance P (57.7 +/- 5.9 pg/ml) than cirrhotic rats without ascites (37.9 +/- 3.1 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and control rats (30.1 +/- 1.0 pg/ml, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma substance P values between control rats and cirrhotic rats without ascites (P > 0.05). No correlation was found between plasma levels of substance P and nitrate/nitrite (r = 0.318, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Excessive formation of NO may be responsible, at least partly, for the hemodynamic derangements in cirrhosis. Although substance P may not participate in the initiation of a hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis, it may contribute to the maintenance of the hyperdynamic circulation observed in cirrhotic rats with ascites. 相似文献
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Mary J. Garson Mary P. Zimmermann Christopher N. Battershill Janet L. Holden Peter T. Murphy 《Lipids》1994,29(7):509-516
The tropical marine spongeAmphimedon terpenensis (family Niphatidae, order Haplosclerida) has previously been shown to possess unusual lipids, including unusual fatty acids.
The biosynthetic origin of these fatty acids is of interest as the sponge supports a significant population of eubacterial
and cyanobacterial symbionts. The total fatty acid composition of the sponge was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
of the methyl esters. Among the most abundant of the fatty acids in intact tissue were 16∶0, 18∶0 and 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic
(phytanic) acid. In addition, three brominated fatty acids, (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-tetracosadienoic acid (24∶2Br), (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-pentacosadienoic acid (25∶2Br) and (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-hexacosadienoic acid (26∶2Br) were also present. The three brominated fatty acids, together with phytanic acid,
were isolated from both ectosomoal (superficial) and choanosomal (internal) regions of the sponge. Analysis of extracts prepared
from sponge/symbiont cells, partitioned by density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll, indicated that phytanic acid and the
three brominated fatty acids were associated with sponge cells only. Further, a fatty acid methyl ester sample from intact
tissue ofA. terpenensis was partitioned according to phospholipid class, and the brominated fatty acids were shown to be associated with the phosphatidylserine
and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions that are commonly present in marine sponge lipids. The phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol
fractions were rich in the relatively shorter chain fatty acids (16∶0 and 18∶0). The association of brominated long-chain
fatty acids (LCFA) with sponge cells has been confirmed. The findings allow comment on the use of fatty acid profiles in chemotaxonomy
and permit further interpretation of LCFA biosynthetic pathways in sponges. The assignment of the sponge studied, which is
currently placed asA. terpenensis, is being supported to some extent, but the species is unusual in having C25 fatty acids as the major constituent in this group. Other factors, such as season or microenvironmental conditions, may influence
observed fatty acid composition which tends to reduce the usefulness of fatty acid profiles as markers in sponge chemotaxonomy. 相似文献
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