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101.
Adaptive topology optimization of elastoplastic structures 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
Material topology optimization is applied to determine the basic layout of a structure. The nonlinear structural response, e.g. buckling or plasticity, must be considered in order to generate a reliable design by structural optimization. In the present paper adaptive material topology optimization is extended to elastoplasticity. The objective of the design problem is to maximize the structural ductility which is defined by the integral of the strain energy over a given range of a prescribed displacement. The mass in the design space is prescribed. The design variables are the densities of the finite elements. The optimization problem is solved by a gradient based OC algorithm. An elastoplastic von Mises material with linear, isotropic work-hardening/softening for small strains is used. A geometrically adaptive optimization procedure is applied in order to avoid artificial stress singularities and to increase the numerical efficiency of the optimization process. The geometric parametrization of the design model is adapted during the optimization process. Elastoplastic structural analysis is outlined. An efficient algorithm is introduced to determine the gradient of the ductility with respect to the densities of the finite elements. The overall optimization procedure is presented and verified with design problems for plane stress conditions. 相似文献
102.
Nurit Hadas Rina Hershkowitz Baruch B. Schwarz 《Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics, & Technology Education》2013,13(4):529-552
Abstract The goal of this study is to show that inquiry activities in a dynamic geometry environment, intentionally designed to confront students with contradictions and uncertainties, push them towards explanations that include deductive elements. Three different but dependent aspects of the activities are characterized and analysed: The epistemological, which includes all possible inquiry paths; the didactic, which involves only those paths that reflect the intention of the designer; and the cognitive, which accounts for actual student actions (conjectures and explanations) and their analyses. The research conclusions are based on the interplay among these three aspects. The analysis of students’ investigations and the analysis of their explanations fulfil, to a broad extent, the design goals. 相似文献
103.
D.G.G. Schwarz M.C. Lima M. Barros F.L. Valente T.M. Scatamburlo N. Rosado C.T.S.A.M. Oliveira L.L. Oliveira M.A.S. Moreira 《Journal of dairy science》2017,100(10):8426-8429
Goat farming is a low-cost alternative to dairy production in developing countries. In Brazil, goat production has increased in recent years due in part to the implementation of programs encouraging this activity. Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a disease that causes chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants, but MAP transmission dynamics are still poorly understood in goats. In a previously published study of our research group, 10 dairy goat farms (467 animals) from Minas Gerais state were analyzed for MAP detection; 2 fecal cultures and 11 milk samples tested positive for MAP by conventional PCR and were confirmed by sequencing. Because no clinical signs were observed over 1 yr of monitoring, we hypothesized that these MAP-positive goats could be passive shedders. Thus, in the present study, 4 positive goats (4/13) from the previous study were purchased and feces and milk samples were collected for evaluation (twice, with an interval of 3 mo between tests) by culture of MAP, IS900 PCR, or both. All analyses were negative for MAP. At the last time point, blood samples were collected for ELISA, the animals were killed, and tissues collected for tissue culture and histopathology. At necropsy, no macroscopic lesions related to paratuberculosis were observed. Similarly, no histological changes were observed and MAP in samples stained by Ziehl–Neelsen was not detected. These animals were characterized as potential passive shedders with upward contamination of the teat canal by MAP. This is the first report of the passive shedding phenomenon in goats in Brazil and it highlights the importance of identifying these animals for control programs and to ensure the quality of dairy products. 相似文献
104.
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products - Various fire-retardants (FR) for the pre-treatment of wood flour, for example, ammonium polyphosphate and different formulations based on phosphorus-... 相似文献
105.
When calculating the dynamic properties of machine tools by means of the finite-element-analysis, highly correlated component models are needed for the derivation of an accurate model of the assembled machine tool structure. For casted machine tool components this cannot always be ensured due to the significant geometric and material uncertainties inherent in the casting process. In this paper, a stepwise modelling approach for casted machine tool components is proposed that allows the derivation of highly correlated models in a defined frequency range. Based on the assumption of superposition the uncertainties and errors involved in the modelling process are identified and evaluated by means of strain energy considerations. By applying this approach to a casted machine tool column, the initial frequency deviations for the considered first 15 structural modes of up to 15 % from the measured values could be reduced below 3 %. Also deeper insight was gained about the influence of the considered uncertainties and errors on the model correlation, as the deviations could be assigned to their sources. 相似文献
106.
Tugrul U. Daim Donggyu Lim Fredy A. Gomez Justus Schwarz Stevan Jovanovic 《国际可持续能源杂志》2014,33(1):1-15
The transition from traditional energy sources to renewable has gained popularity and acceptance in recent years. This has been driven mainly by the current level of pollution, global warming, decommission of old nuclear power plants and the increasing cost of conventional energy sources. Nevertheless, one of the many steps to overcome is the seasonality or intermittency of renewable energy sources such as wind power. In recent years, new technologies have come up to address this problem, so the energy can be stored for future purposes. This paper analyses these energy storage alternatives for a specific case in the Columbia River Gorge for wind power. A hierarchical decision model is developed with criteria including political, social, environmental, technical and economical. The main conclusions highlight that the economical and technical criteria are among the most important ones for decision-makers. 相似文献
107.
108.
LUC SARRAZIN THéRèSE SCHEMBRI PIERRE REBOUILLON 《The International journal of environmental studies》2013,70(4):413-425
A selective method for determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments using solid‐phase extraction and RP‐HPLC with fluorescence and UV detection is described. The complete analytical method is used to surface sediments from the creek of Cortiou (France). Sewage from the urban area of Marseille is delivered to the creek. PAH levels in sediments (µg/g) range between 2.251 µg/g (for the benzo(a)anthracene) and 0.001 µg/g. The flux of pollution provided by the outfall is preferentially oriented from East to West by the Liguro‐Provenalcal current. The significant values are mainly confined on a perimeter of 2 km around the outfall. The phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoranthene/pyrene ratios indicate pyrolytic and petrogenic contamination. The particulate size observations concerning the sediments show that oxygenated sandy zones, where eliminating mechanisms (desorption, biodegradation) take place, are mainly located on the Chêvres plateau and around Jarre, Plane and Riou Islands. 相似文献
109.
Karin Schwarz Hedda Ernst Waldemar Ternes 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1996,70(2):217-223
The non-polar fraction of thyme was examined for the occurrence of phenolic components and their antioxidative activity. In addition to carvacrol ( II ) and thymol ( III ), p -cymene-2,3-diol (I ; 2,3-dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-1-methylbenzene) was isolated for the first time from thyme. The structure of I was elucidated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Antioxidative activity was investigated with the Rancimat method (100°C) and the Schaal test (60°C). Compound I exhibited the strongest antioxidative activity which was greater than that of α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxyanisole. Five thyme species were analysed by means of HPLC with electrochemical detection for the concentration of compounds I – III . The highest amounts of I – III were found in Thymus vulgaris L. 相似文献
110.
H. Schick H.-P. Welzel S. Schwarz G. Truckenbrodt 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》1982,324(4):550-556
Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Intermediates. Oxidative Cleavage of Olefins by Ozonization and Oxidation in the Solvent System Acetone/tert. Butanol – a Method for Preparation of Substituted Cyclopentyl Acetic Acids Oxidative cleavage of olefinic double bonds by ozonization in acetone in the presence of tert. butanol followed by oxidation with JONES ' reagent in the same solvent system gives carboxylic acids and/or ketones in good yields. Acetic acid or water can be used instead of tert. butanol with the same success. This “one-pot” procedure was developed in connection with the synthesis of intermediates for the preparation of 8-methyl-prostaglandin C2. 相似文献