New dendrimer-peptide host-guest complexes: towards dendrimers as peptide carriers

Adamantyl urea and adamantyl thiourea modified poly(propylene imine) dendrimers act as hosts for N-terminal tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc)-protected peptides and form chloroform-soluble complexes. Investigations with NMR spectroscopy show that the peptide is bound to the dendrimer by ionic interactions between the dendrimer outer shell tertiary amines and the C-terminal carboxylic acid of the peptide, and also through host-urea to peptide-amide hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen-bonding nature of the peptide-dendrimer interactions was further confirmed by using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, for which the NH- and CO-stretch signals of the peptide amide moieties shift towards lower wavenumbers upon complexation with the dendrimer. Spatial analysis of the complexes with NOESY spectroscopy generally shows close proximity of the N-terminal Boc group of the peptide to the peripheral adamantyl groups on the dendrimer host. The influence of side-chain motif on interactions with the host is analyzed by using seven different N-Boc-protected tripeptides as guests for the dendrimer. Downfield shifts of up to 1.3 ppm were observed for the guest amide NH-proton signals. These shifts decreased with increasing 'bulkiness' of the amino acid side chains. Despite this, the dendrimer was capable of making multiple peptide-dendrimer complexes when presented with a library of seven peptides. The different peptides were all present in the host, which did not show specific preferences, and could be released under mild acidic conditions. These results show the general nature of the peptide-dendrimer interactions in the formation of either single- or multiple-peptide-dendrimer complexes.     

PLC在模拟立体仓库中的应用

立体仓库是指在不直接进行人工处理的情况下,自动地完成物料仓储和取出的系统,它以高层立体货架为主体,以成套搬运设备为基础,是集自动控制技术、通信技术、机电技术于一体的高效率、大容量存储机构。     

XML数据流上的有序XPath查询处理

XML数据流上的查询处理是最近研究工作的一个热点,如何高效地处理XML数据流上的XPath查询是其中的核心问题.之前的相关工作主要考虑了无序XPath查询处理的情况,而在股票信息监控、新闻信息订阅等很多的XML数据流应用中常常需要对有序XPath查询进行有效的支持.对于有序XPath查询的处理,之前的方法需要将查询进行分解,然后通过连接将分解后的子查询得到的中间结果合并.针对有序XPath查询自身的特点,提出了在查询树上引入顺序和位置标记,记录查询结点之间的顺序关系,并在此基础上提出了一种创新的XML数据流上的XPath查询处理算法OrderedXP.相比之前的工作,OrderedXP能够大量地减少缓存的中间结果数目,而且不需要分解原来的查询,避免了额外的连接操作.详细的实验数据验证了OrderedXP能够显著地提高有序XPath查询在XML数据流上的执行效率.     

人才资源的合理开发与配置

阐述了我国人才资源合理开发与配置的重要性，着重分析了人才资源开发与配置过程中存在的诸多问题，并提出了未来人才资源开发与管理的措施，即制定国际化的人才战略；制定人才资源的集聚策略；建立使人才脱颖而出的激励机制，建立市场化的人才管理制度和法律制度等。     

Gap measurement by position-sensitive detectors

A system for measuring the gap in a proximity exposure tool of a plasma display panel (PDP) is developed that uses single or dual position-sensitive detectors (PSD's). The resolution of the gap distance is 0.5 mum, with a capture range of 500 mum. Signal processing is simple and fast and easy because analogous PSD's are used as the position sensors. One PSD is used to detect the position of the reference beam, which is reflected from the upper surface of the gap; the other PSD is used to detect the position of the signal beam, which is reflected from the lower surface of the gap. A charge-coupled-device sensor is also employed to monitor the reflected beams and the region of measurement. In the gap-measurement system that uses a single PSD, first the reference beam is incident upon the PSD and then the signal beam is incident upon the same PSD. Then the separation between the two beams is calculated from the position of the reference beam and from the average beam position.     

集成电路封装用Al_2O_3瓷料的研制

本文根据集成电路气密性封装的要求，通过差热分析，找到了一条较为理想的热处理曲线．通过对不同组份的材料，显微结构、物理性能测量比较，为制造集成电路封装用Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３黑瓷找到了一些实验规律，用于指导Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３黑瓷的生产．     

Adsorption of BTEX from aqueous solution by macroreticular resins

Theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted on the adsorption of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) by macroreticular resins. A mass transfer model based on the squared-driving force principle is presented for describing the BTEX transfer between the aqueous and solid phases. Also proposed is a theoretical model for describing the BTEX breakthrough curves of the adsorption column. While the mass transfer model involves only an overall mass transfer coefficient, the column adsorption model has two model parameters. Those parameters are conveniently estimated using the observed mass transfer and breakthrough data. The predictions using the proposed models were found to compare well with the experimental data of batch and column BTEX adsorption tests.     

An ultra-precision XYtheta(Z) piezo-micropositioner. I. Design and analysis

A novel three degree-of-freedom micropositioner was developed for deep ultraviolet lithography applications. The design of the micropositioner utilizes the monolithic flexural mechanism with built-in multilayer piezoelectric actuators and sensors to achieve translations in the X- and Y-axes and rotation in the theta(Z)-axis. The compact design aims at high resolution, high stiffness, and extremely low crosstalk interference. Parametric analyses of harmonic and forced vibrations are conducted to solve the derived dynamic models for the near optimum geometry of the micropositioner. Furthermore, the error budget analysis is conducted to minimize the effects of the geometric tolerance, material variation, and hysteresis errors.     

Electro-elastic characteristics of asymmetric rectangular piezoelectric laminae

The electro-elastic characteristics of clamped rectangular piezoelectric laminated plates were analytically investigated. A fully covered electrode piezoelectric layer was laminated on an elastic layer to form a nonsymmetrical laminated plate. Using the electro-elastic theory with the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis, formulation of analyses for mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical characteristics of the laminae are presented. Numerical analysis was carried out using the extended Kantorovich method to yield eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Theoretical predictions of dynamic characteristics were validated by comparing results with finite element analysis data. The calculated natural frequencies are presented in easy-to-use figures that are useful for sensor and actuator design in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).     

Interfacial bond strength of electrophoretically deposited hydroxyapatite coatings on metals

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings were deposited onto substrates of metal biomaterials (Ti, Ti6Al4V, and 316L stainless steel) by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Only ultra-high surface area HAp powder, prepared by the metathesis method 10Ca(NO₃)₂ + 6(NH₄)₂HPO₄ + 8NH₄OH), could produce dense coatings when sintered at 875–1000°C. Single EPD coatings cracked during sintering owing to the 15–18% sintering shrinkage, but the HAp did not decompose. The use of dual coatings (coat, sinter, coat, sinter) resolved the cracking problem. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) inspection revealed that the second coating filled in the valleys in the cracks of the first coating. The interfacial shear strength of the dual coatings was found, by ASTM F1044-87, to be 12 MPa on a titanium substrate and 22 MPa on 316L stainless steel, comparing quite favorably with the 34 MPa benchmark (the shear strength of bovine cortical bone was found to be 34 MPa). Stainless steel gave the better result since -316L (20.5 m mK^-1) > -HAp (14 m mK^-1), resulting in residual compressive stresses in the coating, whereas -titanium (10.3 m mK^-1) < -HAp, resulting in residual tensile stresses in the coating. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers