炭黑填充硬聚氯乙烯的改性

为使聚氯乙烯具有抗静电性能,采用加入具有导电性填料的方法,但加入大量的填料,会使硬聚氯乙烯的冲击性能降低,加工性能变差。本文是在以炭黑为填料的基础上,研究不同的改性剂和加工助剂改进硬聚氯乙烯的效果,结果表明,加入冲击改性剂和加工助剂后,大大增加了硬聚氯乙烯的冲击强度,且加工性能也得到改善,同时由于炭黑具有补强效果,其拉伸强度和弯曲强度在加入改性剂后也能满足使用要求。     

新型陶瓷刀具材料的研究与开发

工业用钢材的质量提高使材料加工难度增加,耐高温的高硬度高强度陶瓷材料被用做切削刀具并逐渐推广应用。本文对陶瓷刀具的材质、种类、性能特点作了比较和评价,并重点介绍了新型的晶须增韧陶瓷刀具。最后,对陶瓷刀具的市场前景进行了预测,并指出了陶瓷刀具研制方面应该深入研究的课题。     

Kinetics for benzoylation of sodium 4-acetylphenoxide via third-liquid phase in the phase-transfer catalysis

In this research, the kinetics for synthesizing 4-acetylphenyl benzoate (R^*COOR) from benzoylation of sodium 4-acetylphenoxide via third-liquid phase-transfer catalysis was investigated. The reaction rate was observed to be strongly dependent on agitation speeds in the third-phase catalytic reaction. By forming the third-liquid phase, the observed reaction can be greatly enhanced to give a product yield of 100% in a duration of 3 min at 20 °C and 200 rpm. If a third-liquid phase was not formed in the liquid–liquid system, the reaction rate is very slow and the product yield is only 2% in 3 min at 20 °C. The reaction conducted in third-liquid phase-transfer catalytic system is faster than that in LLPTC system by 25–28 times. The amount of catalytic intermediate (QOR) in the third-liquid phase was about 50% of the catalyst initially added and kept about 30% of it remained after 1 min, and only small amounts of a catalytic intermediate residing in the organic phase were observed during the reaction using methyl t-butyl ether as the solvent. The concentration of catalytic intermediate slightly decreased with increasing reaction time, while the molar ratio of QOR to benzyl tri-n-butylammonium cation in the third-liquid phase remained almost constant after 1 min and increased with increasing agitation speeds. The experimental results were well described by the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The present work shows an effective method to synthesize 4-acetylphenyl benzoate.     

甲酸甲酯合成与转化的催化技术

本文评述了甲酸甲酯(MF)合成与转化的催化技术,展示了从MF出发发展C_1化学的可能途径,在MF的合成方面详细地分析了从甲醇出发的羰化法、脱氢法和氧化法催化技术,简介了我们的有关研究工作。     

Synthesis of Biodiesel from Soybean Oil using Heterogeneous KF/ZnO Catalyst

Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of soybean oil with methanol using ZnO loaded with KF as a solid base catalyst. It was found that the catalyst with 15 wt.% KF loading and calcined at 873 K showed the optimum activity. XRD, IR and Hammett indicator method were employed for the catalyst characterization. The results showed the activity of the catalysts was correlated with their basicity. The influence of various reaction variables on the conversion was also discussed.     

Facile preparation of amphiphilic oxyethylene-oxypropylene block copolymers by selective triazine coupling

A novel synthetic route for preparing high molecular weight poly(oxyalkylene) block copolymers has been developed by using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (cyanuric chloride, cc) as the coupling core. The coupling reaction involves the selective substitutions of oligo(oxyalkylene)-amines onto three chlorides of the triazine ring in a stepwise manner at 0, 25 and 130 °C. By judiciously selecting the starting amines and reaction conditions, one can tailor the copolymer structures with different block configurations (tri-block, multi-block, random and alternating block). The prepared copolymers can have a high molecular weight, up to 25,600 g/mol (GPC polydispersity=1.48), and also high thermal stability due to the presence of triazine functionalities. The copolymers with hydrophilic and hydrophobic oligo(oxyalkylene) blocks are of versatile properties in solubility (water soluble or water insoluble) and morphology (crystalline or amorphous). With a specific structure of alternating oligo(oxyethylene)/oligo(oxypropylene) blocks (2000 g/mol each block), the copolymer exhibits the property of self-association. It reduces the interfacial tension of toluene/water as low as 0.5 dyne/cm at the critical micelle concentration of 0.01 wt%.     

Preparation of Titanium Nitride/Alumina Laminate Composites

A preparation route for TiN/Al₂O₃ laminate composites has been described. A water-based process using Al₂O₃ and TiN slurries with solids contents of 40 and 35 vol%, respectively, was used to make TiN and Al₂O₃ tapes. The removal of the binder was monitored by weight-loss measurements in a thermogravimetry unit. Bodies composed of Al₂O₃ and TiN tapes were densified at temperatures of 1400° and 1500°C using the Spark Plasma Sintering^® (SPS) technique. Densities of >98% of the theoretical densities were approached. Crack-free and almost fully densified TiN/Al₂O₃ compacts were prepared by heating the burned-out green bodies to the final sintering temperature (1500°C) at a rate of 100°C/min, and with a holding time of 5–10 min, under a pressure of 75 MPa. The microstructures of the obtained compacts were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Grain sizes in the sintered Al₂O₃ and TiN compacts were similar to those of the precursor powders. Hardness and indentation fracture toughness were measured at room temperature, and the monolithic compacts as well as the laminate composites exhibited anisotropic mechanical behavior; i.e., the cracks propagated much more easily in a direction parallel to the laminas than perpendicular to them.     

高聚合度聚氯乙烯的加工性能

本文对高聚合度聚氯乙烯(H-PVC)的发展及其优异的物理机械性能作了简要介绍;着重分析了H-PVC的加工性能和表征方法,并讨论了分子特性和颗料特性及加工组成、加工条件对加工性能的影响,提出了改进H-PVC加工性能的方法。     

Stability analysis and controller synthesis for discrete uncertain singular fuzzy systems with distinct difference matrices in the rules

This paper mainly studies an extended discrete singular fuzzy model incorporating the multiple difference matrices in the rules and discusses its stability and design issues. By embracing additional algebraic constraint, traditional discrete Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model can be extended to a generalised discrete singular Takagi-Sugeno (GDST-S) model with individual difference matrices E_i in the locally singular models, where it can describe a larger class of physical or non-linear systems. Based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, we focus on deriving some explicit stability and design criteria expressed by the LMIs for the regarded system. Thus, the stability verification and controller synthesis can be performed by the current LMI tools. Finally, some illustrative examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach.